1. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY CHAPTER 2, PAGES 59-61
PROBLEMS IN EUROPE
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY CHAPTER 2, PAGES 59-61

2. Prepare four lists, Britain, the USSR, France and Germany
Prepare four lists, Britain, the USSR, France and Germany. Each list should contain the following:
Foreign policy aims
How those aims were put into practice
Any changes in attitudes detected and the reasons for them

3. Compile a group list outlining the main issues which caused problems in relations between European nations discuss the list and put the items into an order of significance.

4. FRANCE AND GERMANY
France was uncompromising in their demands that Germany pay reparations
Germany couldn’t afford to pay
France took over the Ruhr region
Hurt German economy even more

5. France and Germany (continued)
New leadership in both countries
France agreed to Dawes Plan, Locarno Treaties, Kellogg-Briand Pact and the Young plan
Thus improving relations between the two countries
Briand, France
Stresemann, Germany

6. Briand (France) and Stresemann (Germany)

7. French concerns
The Treaty of Versailles guaranteed that Britain and the USA would support France if Germany attacked again.
Problem?

8. Little Entente

9. The USSR and Europe
The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution caused alarm in Europe
Comintern: Communist International held meeting in Moscow where the chairman announced, “in a year the whole of Europe will be communist.”

10. Russian Civil War
Britain, France, USA and Japan supported the opponents of the Bolsheviks (but the Red Army wins)
After the war, Lenin took focus off world-wide revolution and wanted peaceful coexistence and economic cooperation with other countries.

11. USSR and Germany Both were viewed as outcasts in Europe after WW I
Treaty of Rapallo (1921) - established friendly relations and trade agreements between the two
France and Poland were uncomfortable with the treaty
Lasts until 1930s when Nazi’s rise in Germany (Nazi’s don’t like communism)

12. USSR and France
French were particularly resentful of Bolsheviks - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended Franco-Russo alliance
Threat of revolution in France was very realistic
France was the one who refused to allow Russia in peace talks
did not become friendly again until the 1930s when Nazi’s were on the rise in Germany

13. USSR and Britain
Britain was suspicious of Russia’s communist government, but did want to trade
Britain was one of the first to formally recognize Russia’s new Bolshevik government: Anglo- Russian trade treaty in 1921
USSR encouraged communist movements in India, causing Britain to end diplomatic ties with USSR
in 1932, Britain cancelled trade agreement and 4 British engineers in Moscow were arrested as spies. Relations sour.

14. Identify the key reasons why Wilson believed that the USA should ratify the peace settlement and why Cabot Lodge and Borah disagreed.