Future Repository Trends

Future Repository Trends
New Roles for Information Professionals: Research Data Management and Digital Content Curation _________ Pauline Simpson IODE Group of Experts on Marine Information Management CCMI, Cayman Islands Development and Management of e-Repositories 08-12 April 2013 IODE Project Office Oostende, Belgium

Learning Outcome At the end of this session you will be able to:
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Learning Outcome At the end of this session you will be able to: Analyse your own role in relation to what the literature has suggested about LIS roles in research support and RDM in particular

Outline Data Deluge Research Data Management
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Outline Data Deluge Research Data Management Why is managing Research Data important? Roles for the Library in RDM and Digital Content Curation Skills for Information Professionals

Research Data “Scientific datasets may be thought of as the
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Research Data “Scientific datasets may be thought of as the special collections’ of the ‘digital age” Choudhury 2008 “Technology has enabled data to become the prevalent material and currency of research. Data, not information, not publications, is rapidly becoming the accepted deliverable of research.” Graham Pryor (Observations on the RLUK Reskilling for Research Report) 2012 t

Research Data may comprise (traditional and Electronic)
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Research Data may comprise (traditional and Electronic) Documents (text, Word), spreadsheets Laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, diaries Questionnaires, transcripts, codebooks Audiotapes, videotapes Photographs, films Test responses Slides, artefacts, specimens, samples Collection of digital objects acquired and generated during the process of research Data files Database contents (video, audio, text, images) Models, algorithms, scripts Contents of an application (input, output, logfiles for analysis software, simulation software, schemas) Methodologies and workflows Standard operating procedures and protocols

Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013
Research Records must be managed both during and beyond the life of a project Correspondence (electronic mail and paper-based correspondence) Project files Grant applications Ethics applications Technical reports Technical Appendix Research reports Research publications Master lists Signed consent forms Internal social media communications such as blogs, wikis etc. Content stored via external social media/Web 2.0 /Cloud applications

Open Data Certain data should be freely available [online]to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control. - Goals similar to those of other "Open" movements Concept introduced 1955 at WDC ready for IGY (before internet) but the term "open data“ is recent, gaining popularity with the rise of the Internet and World Wide Web ... Technology available for sharing – e-Science/e-Research; linked data using semantic web technologies… Data Policies and Mandates - International : OECD (2007), EU … - Funder mandates: NSF (2007), NIH, RCUK, NERC, Wellcome Trust, Max Planck, Australian National Data Service …

European Commission “Recommendation on access to and preservation of scientific information” July 2012 Open access to research data Define clear policies for the dissemination of and open access to research data resulting from publicly funded research. These policies should provide for: – concrete objectives and indicators to measure progress; – implementation plans, including the allocation of responsibilities (including appropriate licensing); – associated financial planning. Ensure that, as a result of these policies: – research data that result from publicly funded research become publicly accessible, usable and re-usable through digital e-infrastructures. Concerns in particular in relation to privacy, trade secrets, national security, legitimate commercial interests and to intellectual property rights shall be duly taken into account. Any data, know-how and/or information whatever their form or nature which are held by private parties in a joint public/private partnership prior to the research action and have been identified as such shall not fall under such an obligation; – datasets are made easily identifiable and can be linked to other datasets and publications through appropriate mechanisms, and additional information is provided to enable their proper evaluation and use; – institutions responsible for managing public research funding and academic institutions that are publicly funded assist in implementing national policy by putting in place mechanisms enabling and rewarding the sharing of research data; – advanced-degree programmes of new professional profiles in the area of datahandling technologies are promoted and/or implemented.

Drivers for Data Sharing (open data)
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Benefits to academic research: It enables validation of scientific results and thus increases the integrity of research. Reuse of data leads to new analysis, interdisciplinary studies, and other new research. There is some evidence that sharing data increases impact (Winn 2012). Data creation is stimulated through data sharing because contributors are recognised for their contribution. Benefits to organisations: Producers of data: data sharing benefits their organizational profile. Publishers of data: data sharing adds value to their product. Holders of data: data sharing increases their reputation as “data holder with expert support”. Consumers of data: they can reuse data to make informed policy decisions. Benefits to society Data sharing may lead to better quality of decision making in government and commerce Data sharing may have economic/commercial benefits

Data Sharing Survey 2010 Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 SOURCE: LEFT: C. TENOPIR ET AL. PLOS ONE 6, E21101 (2011); RIGHT: TENOPIR/ALLARD/SANDUSKY/BIRCH/NSF DATAONE PROJECT

A Scientific Data Deluge
Data collection Sensor networks, global databases, local databases, desktop computer, laboratory instruments, observation devices, … Data processing, analysis, visualization Legacy codes, workflows, data mining, indexing, searching, graphics, screens, … Archiving Digital repositories, libraries, preservation, … SensorMap Functionality: Map navigation Data: sensor-generated temperature, video camera feed, traffic feeds, etc. Scientific visualizations NSF Cyberinfrastructure report, March 2007

Ocean Science Data Acquisition – Contributing to the data deluge
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Ocean Science Data Acquisition – Contributing to the data deluge

Volume of new biological data doubling every 5 months. Faster than computer speed and storage 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes = bytes = 1021 bytes

Digital Curation (DCC, n.d. b, p. 6) -- Linking content
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Digital Curation “Digital curation is concerned with actively managing data for as long as it continues to be of scholarly, scientific, research and/or administrative interest, with the aim of supporting reproducibility of results, reuse of and adding value to that data, managing it from its point of creation until it is determined not to be useful, and ensuring its long-term accessibility and preservation, authenticity and integrity.” (DCC, n.d. b, p. 6) -- Linking content -- Managing digital material from the point it is created -- Destruction Beyond archiving and preservation

Digital Curation Research Data Management
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Digital Curation Research Data Management the storage, curation, preservation and provision of continuing access to digital research data

Data Informatics Top 10 Leadership Policy Planning
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Leadership Policy Planning 10. Community building 9. Training & skills 8. Access & Re-use 4. Audit 7. Sustainability 5. Engagement Data Informatics Top 10 6. Repositories & Quality assurance

Benefits of Managing Data for Research
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Benefits of Managing Data for Research The ability to share research data, minimizes the need to repeat work in the laboratory, field or library Ensures that research data gathered at considerable cost is not lost or inadvertently destroyed The retrieval, comparison and co-analysis of data from multiple sources can lead to powerful new insights The ability to check or repeat experiments and verify findings, particularly important amid growing national and international concern about research integrity New research themes – and in particular cross-disciplinary themes – can emerge from re-analysis of existing data or comparisons with new data: increasingly data may become the starting point for new research as well as representing an output from current research.

Why is Data Management important to the Institution?
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Why is Data Management important to the Institution? It is increasingly integral to all areas of research It is a rapidly escalating issue It is essential to maximise the benefit of the research that institutions support It is important to research funders – likely to be increased follow-up in the future It has major resource implications – which need to be planned for carefully It creates major challenges which are not going away!

Some Key Challenges for Institutions
Identifying data held within the Institution Providing long-term preservation – what data to keep? how to resource? Relationship with national/subject repositories Advising researchers on planning and costing data management – where do the skills sit? Developing skills – how to attract and retain specialistsdata managers? Incentivising – how to change current incentive structures to recognise importance of data management?

Increase capacity & capability Embed skills in LIS curriculum
IJDC 2009 (in press) Increase capacity & capability Embed skills in LIS curriculum Develop career paths, incentivise

Is Managing data a job for libraries?
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Is Managing data a job for libraries? Yes, in the sense that data from research projects represents an integral part of the global research knowledge base, and so managing it should be a natural extension of the library’s current role in providing access to the published part of that knowledge base. No, because the scale of the challenge in terms of infrastructure, skills and culture change requires concerted action by a range of stakeholders not just libraries.

. Extra-Institutional Stakeholders Perspectives on RDM Institutional
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Perspectives on RDM Other Researchers In the discipline Institutional Stakeholders . PVC research Department Computing services Researchers In other disciplines Research Project Commercial Partners and Customers Data repository manager The Researcher Research Office Library Other HEIs Human resources Records unit and university archive Individual professional perspective Funding councils The public and wider Society Nov-18

Managing research data Facet Publishing
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Pryor, G. (ed) 2012 Managing research data Facet Publishing

Data Management Plans

Data Licensing Bespoke licences Standard licences Multiple licensing
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Data Licensing Bespoke licences Standard licences Multiple licensing Licence mechanisms

Sources .

Challenges for LIS We are already over-taxed!
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 We are already over-taxed! Other challenges in supporting research (Auckland, 2012) Getting up-to-speed and keeping up-to-date How deep is our understanding of research, especially scientific research and our level of subject knowledge? Complexity and scale of issues Marked disciplinary differences in information practice Goes wide and deep: to every researcher in our institution Translating library practices to research data issues Will researchers look to libraries for this support? Historic failure to engage researchers in library services Computing services, Research support services Resources, infrastructure, management structures have to be found

Librarians might have an important RDM role because of:
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Librarians might have an important RDM role because of: Their knowledge of and networks within disciplinary communities; their liaison and negotiation skills The strong LIS professional network to copy best practice across institutions Their contact with many students and researchers in a way other support services do not Their generic knowledge of good information management practices Understanding research data management as a form of Information Literacy Their existing data and open access leadership roles Relevance of collection development practices; their understanding of metadata

Research Data Management Pyramid for Libraries
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Research Data Management Pyramid for Libraries

Libraries need to Shift from :
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Libraries need to Shift from : Emphasizing the value of collections to emphasizing the value of expertise; Supporting information description and access to also taking responsibility for greater information analysis; Serving as a support agency to serving as a collaborator; A facility based enterprise to an organization-wide enterprise.

Libraries need to project a new Profile
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Libraries need to project a new Profile Bold leadership Infrastructure Technological expertise Library Education Greater collaboration Work with scientists and engineers Space provision Digital environment more pervasive

Some Library Roles – we can do it!
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Some Library Roles – we can do it! Leadership – coordinate action Create institutional data policy – collaborate with others Audit – who has what, where does it go? Knowledge and data management Teaching role Provide access to information and advice – licensing etc Preservation – permanence Promoting data management in teaching curricula Develop existing digital services Information Mining Space Provision Re-skill librarians Data/publication linking Data Citation – Permanent Identifiers Bridge between publishers and researchers

Data Publication (ref. Lisa Raymond Lecture)
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Data Publication (ref. Lisa Raymond Lecture) ODE Report on integration of data and publications:

Data Publication - findable, citable data has value
Important to link publications to data (and vice versa) Provide permanent identifier for citation Increases citations – of data & the publication Increases reuse (hence value) All benefit – researcher; institution; publisher Citation metrics MORAL: build a data registry

Repositories Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 “

Data Repositories List
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 The DataCite Repository List ‘is a working document, initated via a collaboration between the British Library, BioMed Central and the Digital Curation Centre, that aims to capture the growing number of repositories for research data. DataCite provides no endorsements as to the quality or suitability of the repositories listed. A copy of the list can be downloaded from Google Docs. DataBib : The international bibliography of research data repositories.

“there are…not enough specialised data librarians yet”
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 “The role of the Library in data-intensive research is important and a strategic repositioning of the Library with respect to research support is now appropriate.” “there are…not enough specialised data librarians yet” “Recommendation: The research library community in the UK should work with universities and research institutes to define properly and to formalise the role of data librarians, and to develop a curriculum that ensures a suitable supply of librarians skilled in data handling.”

RDM roles and competencies
for LIS professionals Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013

Question: Where does RDM fit into your role?
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 What could you do tomorrow? Which roles fit best with how you work now / existing professional practices? Which aspects of support to research relate closest to you? Are you already doing some of the things listed in this presentation? What are your current skills and strengths that may be relevant to your potential future role in RDM? Think both of your personal skills and strengths, and of your professional ones. What knowledge and/or skills do you need to further develop in order to take on an RDM-related role? Which roles might the library wish to avoid taking on?

“If we do as we have always done, we
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 “If we do as we have always done, we will always be where we have always been” Anonymous

Transition or Transform - Roles
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Transition or Transform - Roles Multidisciplinary teams, multidisciplinary people Domain + ICT + library + archiving knowledge New roles: “data librarians”, “data scientists” Skills shortage: capacity building needed What core data skills are required? Not in LIS school curriculum? Radical change! Recruit different people to the LIS team Re-brand the LIS career From Librarianship to Informatics

Transition or Transform - Library
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Transition or Transform - Library Remote research support or integrated team science? Passive observation or proactive participation? Is your library fully embedded in research practice? How do you acquire a deeper understanding of disciplinary data curation approaches? Models of engagement? Immersive case studies Joint R&D projects New service offerings Role extension (Faculty / subject / liaison librarians) Secondments Library supports human infrastructure for curation

Transition or Transform - Librarians
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Transition or Transform - Librarians There are opportunities for action Leadership by senior managers Data policy development - with PVC / VP research Storage infrastructure provision – with IT Director Faculty audit co-ordination (DAF tool) Advocacy, awareness-raising workshops, training Data literacy programmes Curation Lifecycle management Inform data management plans Data documentation best practice Repository assessment (DRAMBORA tool) Deliver new integrated support services

Library RDM – what we can do now?
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Leading on local (institutional) data policy Bringing data into undergraduate research-based learning, promoting information literacy Teaching data literacy to postgraduate students Developing researcher data awareness Providing researcher data advice, e.g. on writing Data Management plans or Advice on RDM within a project Explaining the impact of sharing data, and how to cite data Signposting who in the institution should be consulted in relation to a particular question Auditing to identify data sets for archiving or RDM needs Documenting what datasets an institution has Developing local data curation capacity Promoting data reuse by making known what is available Developing/managing access to data collections – e-Repository data publication

HomeWork: Designing Library Web Pages for RDM Support
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 HomeWork: Designing Library Web Pages for RDM Support Scenario: The Library wants to create a web page or a set of web pages with links to external resources to help researchers with RDM. Questions: What does a researcher want/need to know? How could you best present the required information? Explore what other Libraries are doing. Where can you find this information? Explore key institutions such as JISC and the DCC. from RDMRose Project

E-Science for Librarians

Research Data Management Training
– new researchers Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013

Research Data Management Training
– Librarians Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013

RDM for Information Professionals
Learning modules Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013

Possible Roles for Libraries/Librarians
HANDOUT Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 e-repositories 2013 survey 2 Possible Roles for Libraries/Librarians Select 5 Rank 5 Play a role in the selection, acquisition, and licensing of data and data sets Create metadata (or metadata standards) for discovery and description of data sets Create or organize documentation related to data Provide preservation services for digital data Advise in the appraisal and selection of what data to keep for the long term Assist users with finding data relevant to their research Advise and help develop publishing standards and systems. Participate in developing data publication standards and systems. Publish workflows, global identifier schemes, linking schemes, standards for data clean-up and normalization Play a role in advocating for the documentation of rights and intellectual property in relation to data and help make the case for an overarching vision for open science Offer long-term repositories of scholarly output Collaborate with scientists early in the research process to create standards that support long-term curation Create dynamic repositories that support pre-publication workflows, including collaboration environments supporting data integration, analysis, and visualization.

Sources Acknowledgements for some slide content: David Carr; Sheila Corrall; Simon Hodson; Martin Lewis; Liz Lyon; RDMRose Project; EDINA and Data Library, University of Edinburgh Auckland, M. (2012). Re-Skilling for Research: An Investigation into the Role and Skills of Subject and Liaison Librarians Required to Effectively Support the Evolving Information Needs of Researchers. London: Research Libraries UK. Retrieved from Brewerton, A. (2011) ‘... and any other duties deemed necessary:’ an analysis of subject librarian job descriptions. Sconul Focus, 51, Corrall, S. (2012). Roles and responsibilities: libraries, librarians and data. In G. Pryor (Ed.), Managing Research Data (pp ). London: Facet. Lewis, M. (2010). Libraries and the management of research data. In S. Mcknight (Ed.), Envisioning future academic library services: Initiatives, ideas and challenges (pp ). London: Facet. Lyon, L. (2012). The informatics transform: Re-engineering libraries of the data decade, The International Journal of Digital Curation, 2012, 7 (1) pp Pryor, G. (ed) Managing research data. London: Facet.

Learning Outcome At the end of this session you will be able to:
Development & Management of e-Repositories 2013 Learning Outcome At the end of this session you will be able to: Analyse your own role in relation to what the literature has suggested about LIS roles in research support and RDM in particular

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