1. Intro to Biochemistry

2. Acids: Release H+ ions. Have a pH less than 7.pH
Example
Acids
HCl  1
Stomach acid 2 
Lemon juice 3 
Vinegar 4
Soda 5
Rainwater 6
Milk
Neutral 7
Pure water
Bases 8
Egg whites 9
Baking Soda 10
Tums® antacid 11
Ammonia 12
Mineral Lime - Ca(OH)2
13 
Drano® 14
NaOH
Acids: Release H+ ions. Have a pH less than 7.
Neutral: pH=7
Bases: Accept H+ ions. Have a pH greater than 7.
Acids and Bases

3. Solutions
Homogenous mixture where one part is dissolved by another. (ex: salt water)
Solute = substance being dissolved (ex: salt, coffee, sugar)
Solvent = substance that does the dissolving (ex: water)
Can you think of other solutions?????

4. Molecules
Monomer: a single molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer.
Example: amino acid
Polymer: a large structure composed of monomers.
Example: Protein

5. Inorganic Substances Inorganic compounds do NOT contain carbon
Exception: CO2

6. Water
The most abundant compound in living things (50-65% of the human body is water).
Absorbs and releases heat (helps maintain homeostasis)
“Universal solvent” – can dissolve more substances than any other liquid.

7. Organic Substances Contain Carbon
Include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

8. Carbohydrates Made of C, H, O (from photosynthesis)
Primary function is to provide energy.
Monosaccharides- simple/single sugar (glucose, fructose)
Disaccharides- double sugar, made of 2 monosaccharides (sucrose = glucose + fructose)
Polysaccharides: long chain of monosaccharides linked together (glycogen, starch, cellulose)
Polysaccharide

9. Lipids Includes fats and phospholipids
Fats are a source of stored energy.
Phospholipids are an important part of cell membranes

10. Proteins
Made of long chains of amino acids – if amino acids were letters, proteins would be the sentences.
Functions include:
Structural material
Energy source
Receptors on cell membranes
Enzymes

11. Enzymes Increase the rate of chemical reactions.
Highly specific, only work on one substrate.
Not consumed in the reaction, can be reused

12. Nucleic Acids
Two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
RNA functions in protein synthesis
DNA stores the genetic code

13. Biochem Video Link