1. Preview p.84
What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations?

2. Preview Delusions: False beliefs; dysfunction of cognitive systems
Hallucinations: False perceptions; dysyfunction of our perceptual system

3. Schizophrenia

4. Schizophrenic Subtype
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenic Subtype
Characteristics
Frequency
Paranoid Schizophrenia
First appears around ages 25-30
Delusions of grandeur or persecution
Onset very sudden
Roughly 40 percent of all schizophrenics
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Many homeless people affected
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized thinking and speech
Neglected hygiene
Roughly 5 percent of all schizophrenics
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Odd movements: immobility (stupor)/ unexpected bodily movements
Waxy flexibility: body becomes rigid and doesn’t change position for long periods
Roughly 8 percent of all schizophrenics

5. Vulnerability Theory of Schizophrenia
Similar to the diathesis-stress model
Schizophrenia is the result of a biological predisposition and the amount of stress one encounters

6. A Beautiful Mind http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgi_Ea O0iXk
Paranoid schizophrenia

7. Personality Disorders
enduring or continuous inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

8. Personality Disorders
I think I am a special person.
I expect a great deal from others.
I am envious of other people’s good fortune.
I will never be satisfied until I get all that I deserve.
I really like to be the center of attention.

9. Personality Disorders
Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric
Paranoid
Distrust of others, believe people out to harm them. Could react with violence
Schizoid
No social relationships. The “hermit”
Schizotypal
Problems with either starting or maintaining relationships.
Odd perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and behavior.

10. Personality Disorders
Cluster B: Dramatic-Erratic
Histrionic
Obsessed with being the center of attention. Very dramatic. Emotionally shallow person.
Narcissistic
Exaggerated belief that he or she is very important and has achieved much success. Arrogant.
Borderline
Instability of emotions, impulse control, obsessive fear of being alone, difficulty maintaining relationships and routines.
Antisocial
No feelings of regard for others and their welfare. Lack of conscience or remorse. Most heavily studied personality disorder. Sociopath and psychopath.

11. Personality Disorders
Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful
Dependent
An enormous need to be taken care of. Cannot make decisions. Very needy.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Obsession with order and control. Perfectionist.
Avoidant
Oversensitive to criticism. Does not partake in social institutions.

12. Rates of Psychological Disorders
The United States ranks no.1 globally for mental illness.
About half of Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM-IV disorder sometime in their life.

13. Process p.84
Where is the line between being eccentric, anxious, or odd and having a personality disorder?
How might treatment be difficult?