1. The article
Singular
Masc. Fem Neutral
nominative
oJ (ho)
genitive
tou: (tu)
dative
tw:/ (tō )
accusative
tovn (ton)
hJ (hê)
th:V (tês)
th/ (tê)
thvn (tên)
tov (to)
tou: (tu)
tw:/ (tō)

2. The article
Plural
Masc. Fem. Neutral
nominative
oiJ (hoi)
genitive
tw:n (tōn)
dative
toi:V (tois)
accusative
touvV (tus)
tav (ta)
tw:n (tōn)
toi:V (tois)
tav (ta)
aiJ (hai)
tw:n (tōn)
tai:V (tais)
tavV (tas)

3. The functions of the cases
nominative:
genitive:
dative:
accusative:
vocative:
Subject
Possesion
Indirect object
Direct object
Direct address

4. Analysis of nouns
gender
number
case
oiJ ajdelfoiv
tou: ajdelfou:
tw:n ajdelfw:n
th:V grafh:V
tov tevknon
ta; tevkna
toi:V tevknoiV
th:/ grafh:/
tw:n grafw:n
tai:V grafai:V
masc pl nom
masc sing gen
masc pl gen
fem sing gen
neutral sing nom or acus
neutral pl nom or acus
neutral pl dat
fem sing dat
fem pl gen
fem pl dat

5. The use of words.
Identification of subjects, verbs, direct objects, indirect objects, and predicate nominatives.
1) The teacher sees the student.
S V DO
2) The student has a book.
S V DO
3) The teacher bought me a book.
S V IO DO
4) The student is a brother of the man.
S V PrNom Poss

6. 5) The student read the book to the teacher.
S V DO IO
6) The brother is the teacher of the child.
S V PrNom Poss
7) oJ a[nqrwpoV e[cei ajdelfovn.
S V DO
(The man has a brother.)

7.  8) oJ ajdelfo;V levgei lovgon.
S V DO
(The brother says a word.)
9) oJ a[nqrwpoV levgei lovgon tw:/ ajdelfw/:.
S V DO IO
(The man says a word to the brother.)
10) oJ ajdelfovV ejstin oJ maqhth:V.
S V PrNom
(The brother is the disciple.)

8. 11) to;n a[nqrwpon blevpei oJ kuvrioV.
DO V S
(Acus) (Nom)
(The Lord sees the man.)
12) blevpw to; tevknon tou: ajdelfou:.
V DO Poss
(Acus) (Gen)
(I see the child of the brother.)
13) th;n grafh;n poivei oJ uiJovV.
DO V S
(Acus) (Nom)
(The son makes the writing.)

9. 14) oJ ajdelfo;V e[cei th;n grafhvn tou: kurivou.
S V DO Poss
(Nom) (Acus) (Gen)
(The brother has the writing of the Lord.)
15) tw:/ tevknw/ levgei lovgon oJ kuvrioV.
IO V DO S
(Dat) (Acus) (Nom)
(The Lord says a word to the child.)

10. 16) oJ uiJo;V levgei o[noma tw/: ajdelfw:/.
S V DO IO
(Nom) (Acus) (Dat)
(The son says a name to the brother.)
17) tw/: ajdelfw/: levgei o[noma oJ uiJovV.
IO V DO S
(Dat) (Acus) (Nom)
(To the brother the son says a name.)
(Or, The son says a name to the brother.)