1. Why Water is Weird Chpt. 2.4 p. 72 - 78
How long can we live
without food?
without water?
So, why don’t we think
water is amazing?

2. Did you know that water is
The only substance that exists on Earth in large quantities in all three states?
Less dense in its solid state (ice) than its liquid state so it floats on top of lakes
in the winter instead of sinking
(YAHOO for HOCKEY, SPEED SKATING,
FIGURE SKATING!)
Look at Table 2.14 in your text – water is the weirdo substance in the group

3. Water is Weird Because its Molecules are Weird
They’re BENT
They’re POLAR
The oxygen and hydrogen atoms
share 2 electrons in each O-H bond.
But the O atom attracts the
electrons more strongly
than the H atoms.
So the electrons spend more
time around the oxygen
atom

4. Water is a POLAR molecule
Because of the unequal electron distribution, water molecules have a positive pole (the hydrogen end) and a negative pole (the oxygen end) = DIPOLE

5. Water Molecules are Attracted to Each Other
(+) end is attracted to (-) end and a hydrogen bond is formed.

6. Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are
between molecules
(i.e. hydrogen bonds.
Intramolecular forces
are within molecules
(i.e. covalent bonds).
Although hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds,
they are the strongest intermolecular bond.

7. Hydrogen Bonds and its Polarity Explain a lot of Water’s Weird Properties
High boiling and melting point: lots of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to melt ice or to boil and evaporate water (evaporative
cooling)

8. High specific heat capacity because of hydrogen bonds

9. Ice is less dense than water
Water expands when it freezes because the polar molecules arrange themselves in an open pattern held together by hydrogen bonds.

10. High Surface Tension
Water has high surface tension because the hydrogen bonds pull the molecules together into the smallest possible area.

11. Large forces of attraction between polar water molecules and the sides of containers causes:
Capillary Action
Concave meniscus

12. Capillary action is the force that draws water up from roots to the leaves of tall trees