1. Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ACOS # 3: Compare major Native American cultures in respect to geographic region, natural resources, government, and religion.
ACOS #3a: Locate Native American groups by geographic region.

2. Key Vocabulary
Irrigation-a way of supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes
Staple-a main crop that is used for food
Ceremony-a special event at which people gather to express important beliefs

3. People of the Southwest
Region includes present day Arizona
and New Mexico. Also stretches across areas that we know today- Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Texas, and California
>Part of the Rocky mountains
> Large area of region is flat and desert
>Small amount of rain

4. People and The Land Climate influenced the way Southwest Indians lived
Very dry area where trees would not grow; did not rain often, mostly desert
They were farmers; lack of rain affected agriculture
Used irrigation systems to help water crops
Irrigation systems were ditches, streams, or pipes that allowed water to be sent to crops in need of water
Water from the rivers flowed through irrigation system.

5. People and The Land
Planted Corn deep in the ground so roots could get moisture from the earth
Crops were also planted in areas that flooded during the spring rains
Planted corn, beans, squash

6. People and The Land Trees did not grow since the land was dry
Built adobes- houses made of sticks, stones, and clay
Usually built houses on steep mesas to protect them from attacks

7. The Hopi Oldest Indian group in Southwest
Began living in Arizona before 1350
Lived in dry land
Used irrigation system to grow beans, squash, and corn
Corn was their staple crop

8. The Hopi
Grew yellow, blue, red, white, and purple corn and stored them in rooms in their pueblo
Hopis constructed pots from clay to store food and water in
First people to fire pottery; this makes pottery hard and strong
They crushed colorful rocks and used this to make sand paintings

9. The Hopi Religion was important them
Felt they were meant to be caretakers of the land
Believed in Kachinas-spirits that came and helped them which the men dressed up like and danced in costume. The children had carved dolls to remind them what each kachina represented.

10. Why did the Southwest Indians have to rely on irrigation to grow crops?
Because of lack of rain in the region.

11. Hopi Today Still follow cultural traditions
Still live in villages in Southwest
Still have dances and ceremonies
Skilled at making pottery, weavings, baskets, and silver jewelry
Today they hold jobs in local business and other professional fields.

12. Vocabulary Review Staple: a main crop that is used for food
Ceremony: a special event at which people gather to express important beliefs
Irrigation: a way of supplying water to crops with streams, ditches, or pipes

13. Vocabulary Review
A culture with cities, a government, and many different jobs for people to do
civilization
A mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
glacier
Growing plants for food; farming
agriculture
A town
pueblo
Movement of people or animals from one region to another.
migration

14. Vocabulary Review A traditional feast of Northwest Indians potlatch
Extra supplies
Surplus
A group of related families
clan