1. The Southwest and the West
Chapter 2 Lesson 4
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2. Objectives
Describe how the Pueblo peoples adapted to their environment
Identify the lifeways of other peoples of the Southwest and West

3. Vocabulary Adapt – to adjust Staple – main Surplus – extra amounts
Adobe – sun-dried bricks made of clay and straw
Hogans – Cone-shaped shelters used by the Navajo
Trade Networks – ways to get goods not available to them

4. The Southwest Desert Mesas, Canyons, Cliffs, and Mountains
Hard place to live
Intense heat followed by bitter winters
Little rain or snow

5. Adapting to the Southwest
Hopi and Zuni were able to adapt
Hopi – live in what is today Arizona
Zuni – live in what is today New Mexico
Lived in pueblos built on mesas or on the sides of steep canyons

6. Adapting continued
Found ways to grow crops: corn, beans, and squash (their Staples)
Found ways to collect water
Would store surplus food
Also, grew cotton – used to make clothes and weave blankets

7. Navajo Not Pueblo, but lived in the Southwest
Moved to the Four Corners about A.D. 1025
Were nomadic – began to settle down
Hopi lived with Navajo during a time of drought and taught them how they grew crops

8. Pueblo Culture Hopi & Zuni Stones & Mud to build pueblos
Other tribes used adobe bricks to build houses
Hopi led by a religious leader
Religion played a strong role in their government
Chiefs (also a religious leader) made rules & carried out punishments
Navajo
Homes called hogans: a wooden frame covered in mud or adobe
Hogans were miles apart
Medicine people led ceremonies
Medicine people memorized and sang songs believed to have healing powers
Organized in groups that met every few years

9. Groups to the West
Area among the mountains, deserts, valleys, forests, and coastal lands that stretch from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean
Western Area:
Plateau
Great Basin
California cultures

10. Ways of Life - Shoshone Great Basin – part of the year
Hunted small animals
Shelters – dry brush
Other time – hunting Buffalo in the mountains: Wyoming

11. Ways of Life – Nez Perce Northwest – Columbia Plateau
Today: Idaho, Oregon, & Washington
Food – salmon
While fishing they lived in movable shelters

12. Ways of Life – Chumash Southern California Birds, Fish, Acorns
Pacific Ocean – important food source
Dome-shaped shelters covered with tule (TOO-lee)
Tule-tall, flexible plant with a spongy stem
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13. Trading for Needed Goods
Depended on natural resources
Some goods they could not find or make themselves, so they created a TRADE NETWORK
Did not travel, but would trade with village nearby, who traded with next village
Goods and ideas traveled long distances by this method

14. The
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