1. Biology What’s it all about?
Unit 1
Biology
What’s it all about?

2. Unit 1 Objectives Define the field of Biology
Describe what is studied in some of the branches of Biology
State characteristics of living things
Describe each level of organization of living things and provide examples.
Describe the scientific method
Understand the difference between observations and inferences
Describe tools scientists use.

3. MCAS Frameworks
1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements The six most common are C, H, N, O, P, and S.
1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).
1.3 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, that have an effect on enzymes.

4. B I O L O G Y Biology is the branch of science studying living things.
Word origin: bio- = life
-logy = study
Biologists are scientist who use the scientific method to study living things

5. What is YOUR definition of Science?
Think – Pair - Share

6. Science: A way of using organized evidence to learn about the world.
Goal of Science: to investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions

7. Science….. Deals only with the natural world
Scientists collect and organize info into a careful organized fashion looking for patterns and connections between events.
Scientists propose explanations that can be tested by examining evidence

8. What is EVIDENCE?
Evidence is objective, non-biased information
Synonyms?
Based on observations and recorded as data

9. No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing
Living things???
No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing
Additionally, some nonliving things share traits with living things

10. Take Five
Break into groups of 3-4 and write down how you tell if something is LIVING
Then list on board
Are rocks living?

11. So….what are living things?
Living things have 8 characteristics in common
Organization
Reproduce
Grow and develop
Are based on a genetic code
Need energy
Respond to their environment
Maintain a stable internal environment.
Change over time.

12. 1. Organization Living things exhibit a high level of organization
multicellular organisms are divided into cells
Cells are made of organelles,
Organelles are made of molecules

13. Not Living

14. All cells come from existing cells = must have some way of reproducing
2. Reproduce
All cells come from existing cells = must have some way of reproducing
asexual (no recombination of genetic material)
sexual (recombination of genetic material).
Must occur for species to continue

15. 3. Growth and Development
All organisms grow
Cells grow and develop into mature cells
Organisms get bigger, physically change size & shape
Ex: tadpoles, caterpillars

16. Organisms inherit their DNA (genes) from their ancestors
4. Genetic Code
Organisms inherit their DNA (genes) from their ancestors
Pass this DNA to their offspring (heredity)

17. 5. Need Energy Energy is essential to life
One view of life is that it is a struggle to acquire energy (from sunlight, inorganic chemicals, or another organism), and release it.

18. 6. Response to Stimuli
Detection and response to stimuli from their surrounding environment (both internal and external).
Receive info via senses
Example: cheetah responds to the need for food by chasing the gazelle. The gazelle responds by running away.

19. The level of the sugar glucose in your blood is an example of an internal stimulus.
If this level gets low your body responds by making you feel hungry.

20. 7. Maintain a stable internal environment
All organisms keep internal conditions stable by a process called homeostasis
Homeostasis, or balance, is the maintenance of a constant internal environment in terms of temperature, pH, water concentrations, etc.

21. homeostasis
Humans perspire to prevent body temperature from rising too high
Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface has a cooling effect .
Hence, in hot weather, or when the individual's muscles heat up due to exertion, more sweat is produced

22. 8. Change over Time
Adaptations are inherited changes that occur over time that help a species survive.
Charles Darwin first recognized the adaptations organisms make in order to exist in their environment.  EVOLUTION
Ex: tropical orchids have roots that are adapted to life in a soil-less environment

23. Biotic—living factors that influence an ecosystem
Abiotic—non-living factors that influence an ecosystem and an organisms life.
Temperature
Moisture
Light
Soil

24. Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic

25. Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic

26. Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic

27. Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic

28. Zoology – study of animals
Branches of Biology
Zoology – study of animals
zoologist, marine biologist, veterinary technician

29. Botany –study of plants:
Branches of Biology
Botany –study of plants:
botanist

30. Mycology – Study of fungi
Branches of Biology
Mycology – Study of fungi

31. Ecology – Study of how living things interact with their environment
Branches of Biology
Ecology – Study of how living things interact with their environment
ecologist, park ranger, environmentalist

32. Bacteriology – study of bacteria
Branches of Biology
Bacteriology – study of bacteria

33. Virology – study of viruses
Branches of Biology
Virology – study of viruses

34. Parasitology – study of parasites
Branches of Biology
Parasitology – study of parasites

35. Cytology – study of cells
Branches of Biology
Cytology – study of cells

36. Taxonomy – study of the classification of living organisms
Branches of Biology
Taxonomy – study of the classification of living organisms

37. Herpetology – study of reptiles & amphibians
Branches of Biology
Herpetology – study of reptiles & amphibians

38. Entomology – study of insects
Branches of Biology
Entomology – study of insects

39. Embryology – study of the early development of organisms
Branches of Biology
Embryology – study of the early development of organisms

40. Branches of Biology
Microbiology – study of microscopic life: either a single cell, a cell cluster, or has no cells at all.
Fungi, protists, virus,

41. Anatomy – Study of an organism’s structure
Branches of Biology
Anatomy – Study of an organism’s structure

42. Physiology – study of the functions of organism’s
Branches of Biology
Physiology – study of the functions of organism’s

43. Genetics – study of heredity. DNA
Branches of Biology
Genetics – study of heredity. DNA

44. Levels of Organization
In unicellular (single-celled) organisms, the single cell performs all life functions. It functions independently.
However, multicellular (many celled) organisms have various levels of organization within them.
Individual cells may perform specific functions and also work together for the good of the entire organism. The cells become dependent on one another

45. Levels of Organization
Living things may be studied on many different levels. Levels of organization range from simple to complex:
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

46. Levels of Organization
Cells
Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
May serve a specific function within the organism
Examples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc.

47. Levels of Organization
2. Tissues
Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity
Examples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.

48. Levels of Organization
3. Organs
Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc.

49. Levels of Organization
4. Organ Systems
Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism.
The Human body has 11 organ systems:
circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory (urinary), immune(lymphatic), integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal.

50. Levels of Organization
5. Organisms
Living things that can carry out all basic life processes: take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, reproduce etc…
Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.

51. Levels of Organization
6. Population
Group of organisms of one species that can interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

52. Levels of Organization
7. Community
Populations of different species that live together in a defined area, interacting with each other and their environment

53. Levels of Organization
8. Ecosystem
An ecosystem is made up of plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, rocks, minerals, water sources and the local atmosphere interacting with one another.

54. Levels of Organization
9. Biosphere
(1) The part of the earth where living things exist.
(2) The part of the earth (or planet) that is capable of supporting life.
(3) The living things and their environment.
(4) All of the ecosystems of the earth.

55. Review as a class! Match Characteristics of Life terms
Who Wants to be a Millionaire: Various fields of science
Scientific Method: Review the steps

56. Apply it! Individual Activity
On a blank piece of paper draw
an example of a living thing.
Be sure to list:
What it eats
Where it lives
How it communicates with other organisms
How it senses stimuli from the environment
How you think it maintains homeostasis
How this particular organism has changed over time or will possibly change in the future.
How it reproduces