1. Introduction to Biology
The Scientific Study of Life

2. Biology scientific study of life ranges from molecular to global
microscopic to ecosystem
includes diversity of life now & in the past

3. Biological Subjects Cytology Virology Embryology Anatomy Physiology
Molecular Biology
Genetics
Botany
Ichthyology
Microbiology
Zoology
Evolutionary Biology
Phylogeny
Entomology
Ecology

5. Organization
5 kingdoms
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

6. Organization
organisms are placed into kingdoms based on their characteristics
all organisms in a kingdom possess same characteristics

7. Characteristics of Animalia Kingdom
multicellular
eukaryotic cells
no cell walls
heterotrophs-consumers

8. Characteristics of Life
properties shared by all living things
Cellular Organization
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Growth & Reproduction
Heredity

9. Cellular Organization
all living things are composed of cells
tiny compartments surrounded by a membrane
some are made up of one
others have trillions

10. Metabolism all living things use energy
all energy originates from the sun
plants use this energy in photosynthesis to make sugars
we eat plants or animals that have eaten plants
energy is transferred to us
transfer is metabolism

11. Homeostasis
living things have processes that ensure internal environment remains stable

12. Growth & Reproduction
all living things must grow
they must reproduce

13. Heredity
living things must have a genetic system found in molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
determines properties of organism
genetic code is used to pass information to successive generations
transmission of traits is heredity

14. Organization of Life enormous range of life forms on the planet
can be broken into hierarchical levels of organization
Hierarchical organization
means all organizational levels follow a hierarchy from lower to higher
each level builds upon level above
Top-biosphere
all environments on Earth that support life
next level down-ecosystem
all organisms living in a given area as well as all non-living physical aspects of environment such as water, soil, sunlight, etc
relationship of organism to its environment is studied in the branch of biology called ecology
below ecosystem-community
all organisms inhabiting a given ecosystem
Population
interacting group of individuals of one species
one individual of a species is organism

16. Hierarchy of Organization of Individual
Chemical or Molecular
Atomsmolecules
Cells
basic unit of structure and function in living things
Tissues
made of cells similar in structure & function working together to perform a specific activity 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve
Organs
made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc.
Organ Systems groups of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function Human body has 11 organ systems - circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory
(urinary), immune (lymphatic), integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive,
respiratory & skeletal
Organisms entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes
take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment reproduce usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell

19. Study of Biology special way of thinking
uses empirical or scientific method
self-correcting process for asking questions & observing natures answers
separates science from philosophy

20. Parts of Scientific Method
Observations
made in the real world
Question
leads to a question about those observations
Hypothesis
testable assumption or prediction
Test hypothesis
conduct research
Reaffirm theory
reaffirm or disaffirm theory in relation to outcome of research