1. How do maps help us model the Earth?
Mapping
How do maps help us model the Earth?

2. Maps The science of mapmaking is called Cartography
The Earth is separated by an imaginary horizontal line called the Equator

3. Latitude
The degrees north or south of the equator is known as Latitude
Latitude lines are circular and parallel
Values are 0-90°N and 0-90°S
Each degree is approximately 111km

4. Longitude
Imaginary lines that measure East to West are known as Longitude lines or Meridians
Measured from 0-180°E and 0-180°W from the Prime Meridian
All meridians come together at the poles

5. Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian represents 0° longitude
Passes through Greenwich, England

6. Time Zones Earth is broken up into 24 time zones
Each time zone represents 1 hour and 15° of longitude

8. Topographic Maps
Maps that show the changes in elevation are known as Topographic Maps
Equal elevations are represented with Contour Lines
Contour lines never cross
Index contours are labeled to show altitude along that line