1. The Fight for World Dominance
Unit 7 The Cold War
The Fight for World Dominance

2. The Cold War
What: a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare
Who: The U.S. and the Soviet Union
When: 1948 to 1989 Vs

3. The Cold War
Both countries competed for influence in the developing world by offering Military and Economic aid.
Examples of this could be seen in:
Germany
Korea
Vietnam
China

4. Germany
Was Divided into two separate countries by the Allies following World War II.

5. Marshall Plan Plan to rebuild Europe Sent $13 billion to Europe
Name for U.S. Sec. of State (George C. Marshall)
Sent $13 billion to Europe
Rebuild/revitalize economy
Offered to all countries
Soviets and allies did not accepted
Countries that did became U.S. allies
Firmly capitalist

6. The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan – it was a program of European economic recovery after WWII, financed by the U.S.
It consisted mainly of supplying countries with money and food.
The Marshall Plan was named after U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall.

7. The Marshall Plan
It was designed to strengthen democratic governments and prevent the spread of Communism in developing countries.

8. Germany
Was Divided into two separate countries by the Allies following World War II.

9. West Germany West Germany Federal Republic of Germany
Set up by the United States
Government = Democratic
Economy = Capitalist

10. East Germany German Democratic Republic Set up by the Soviet Union
Government = Communist
Economy = Command (Communist)

11. The Berlin Airlift
The Soviets placed a trade blockade on West Berlin causing the U.S. and Great Britain to come to their aide.
This blockade is considered by many to be the official beginning of the Cold War.

12. The Berlin Wall
To stop people from leaving East Berlin for West Berlin the Soviets built the Berlin Wall separating the two states 1961.

13. The Berlin Wall
The Destruction of the Berlin Wall in November of 1989 marks the end of the Cold War.

14. NATO/Warsaw Pact (north atlantic treaty org)
Defense Organization for Western Europe
Opposed to communism/Soviets
The first NATO Secretary General Lord Ismay, famously stated the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down"
Warsaw Pact
Soviet Response to NATO
Defensive alliance for Communist nations
Controlled by Soviets/Stalin
Most nations behind Iron Curtain did not have choice
Soviets needed to appear as powerful (numerous) as the West

15. The Warsaw Pact
An agreement made between the Soviet Union and seven satellite nations in Eastern Europe in which they agreed to come to each others aide if any of them went to war.

16. Maps

17. Nuclear Weapons East (Soviets) and West (U.S.) growing rivalry
Nuclear Arms Race
East (Soviets) and West (U.S.) growing rivalry
Much of next 40 years spent on verge of war
U.S. has nuclear weapons
Soviets shortly acquire
1949
During Cold War, both sides knew other could end all life on Earth
Nuclear Holocaust
This threat defined a generation

18. The Warsaw Pact
Some of these countries did not like being influenced by the Soviet Union.
To show that it would not allow any threat to its control of Eastern Europe, the Soviets stopped an uprising in Hungary.

19. The Warsaw Pact
To control the seven satellite countries, the Soviets used the:
Warsaw Pact
Propaganda
Intimidation
And the KGB

20. Iron Curtain Europe is divided Both afraid of other’s power
Soviet Communist side
U.S./Western Capitalist side
Both afraid of other’s power
U.S. vows to not let Communism spread
Soviet Union fears capitalist influence
Tensions begin to run high

21. Creation of UN Created to replace League of Nations Charter in 1945
Clearly failed to prevent WWII
Charter in 1945
Five permanent members of Security Council
U.S., UK, France, U.S.S.R. (Russia), China
Created to work through world conflict peacefully
Varying degrees of effectiveness
Some don’t like (even today)

22. The United Nations
The Allies set up an international organization to ensure that a world war would never happen again.
There are 6 major bodies to the U.N.
The Security Council is the most powerful with its ability to veto any decision made by any other council member.

23. China and Communism
Since the 1920’s China had two parties fighting for power.
Chiang Kai-Shek led the Democratic Party
Mao Tse Tung led the Communist Party. Vs
Mao TseTung
Chiang Kai-Shek

24. China and Communism
Shek defeated Tung in 1934 and forced all the communist on the “Long March” out of China.
Out of the 90,000 that began the march only 7,000 survived.
It was a 6,000 mile long journey through rugged terrain and mountains.

25. China and Communism
Mao Tse Tung rebuilt his army and in 1949, defeated Chaing Kai-Shek, whose democratic government had become corrupt.

26. China and Communism
Chiang Kai-Shek and his army were forced to retreat to Taiwan, an island 100 miles of the coast of China, where he would spend the rest of his life.

27. Close Questions: What is the Cold War? Who was involved?
Where was it “fought”?
Why was it “fought”?