1. ARTICLES
George Yule

2. What we are going to cover…
Summary of the book
Speaking activities (beginner adult students)
Writing activities (intermediate adult students)

3. TYPES OF ARTICLES
Indefinite (an, a)
Definite (the)
Zero Article (∅)

4. TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR Count nouns Singular Non-count nouns Plural
COUNTABILITY
SINGULAR/ PLURAL
Count nouns
Car -> a car,
Apple-> an apple
Non-count nouns
Water-> (∅) water
Money-> (∅) money
Singular
Car -> a car,
Apple-> an apple
Plural
Cars -> (∅)
Apples -> (∅)

5. INDIVIDUATION
A process where a unit is classified as being a single, easily identified object.
2a) Bring me water.
2b) Bring me a water.
* In a restaurant *
“Bring me six glasses of water!” -> “Bring me 6 waters!”
traditional: difference between count nouns/ non-counts.
However,
Bring me water: “water” is being treated as noncountable mass.
Bring me a water: individual unit – a bottle/a glass of water.
For example, when working at the restaurant, people don’t have time to say bring me 6 glasses of water. So they could also say bring me 6 waters

6. CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE Classifying (a, an) Identifying (the)
Classying: A process by which we name a thing (things) as belonging to a class of object.
Identifying: a process by which we refer to a thing (or things) as distinct from the members of the same category or class of objects.
4a) John saw a strange porcupine. (new information: classifying) 4b) The porcupine was driving a car. (given information: identifying)

7. ZERO ARTICLE (∅) No differentiation required
“I go to (∅) school by (∅) bus”
“Give me a spoon, (∅) knife, and (∅) fork.”
It is not relevant whether the entities school and bus are classified as a single unit or identified.
Article becomes unnecessary and reluctant in understanding the meaning of the sentence.

9. Unscramble the sentences
There is a table under the TV.
There is a bookcase beside the bed.
There is a computer on the table.
There is a wall beside the bookcase.
Spread the sentences!!!
There is a wall beside the bookcase.
There is a table under the TV.
There is a computer on the table.
There is a bookcase beside the bed.
In my bedroom, there is a large bed.
There is a TV on the wall.
In my bedroom, there is a large bed.
There is a TV on the wall.

10. Solution
1. In my bedroom, there is a large bed. 2. There is a bookcase beside the bed. 3. There is a wall beside the bookcase. 4. There is a TV on the wall. 5. There is a table under the TV. 6. There is a computer on the table.

15. What did the last hotel room you stayed in look like?
Warm up:
What did the last hotel room you stayed in look like?
(1 minute discussion with your partner)

16. Grammar focus: Use appropriate ARTICLES (a/an, the, ∅)
Situation: You booked an Airbnb room. You were disappointed when you arrived. Purpose: You want to send a message to your friend.
Grammar focus: Use appropriate ARTICLES
(a/an, the, ∅)
Audience: Your friend
Message length: 3 sentences
Animation

17. Prompt:
Hello! I just got to Europe.
The AirBnb room I booked is a mess!
(1) _____________________.
(2) _____________________.
(3) _____________________.
Content words:
(cat, clothes, clothes rack, bed, books, water bottles, room, etc.)
Send your message to:
Number- animation

18. Review on articles [Meaning in context]:
When I arrived, there was _____ cat in sitting in ______ room.
(classifying, identifying)
Then, there were _____ clothes hanging on ____ clothes rack.
(zero article, classifying)
_____ bed was also not made.
(given information)

19. QUESTIONS