1. Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2

2. MOLECULES
ORGANELLES
________ __________  ___________
ATOMS

3. ____________  ____________ 
CELLS
TISSUES
____________  ____________ 
Similar cells working together

4. ___________  __________ ___________
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGANS
ORGANISM
___________  __________ ___________
Different tissues working together
Different organs working together

5. ___________________________________
ORGANISMS
POPULATIONS
COMMUNITY
___________________________________
SAME SPECIES LIVING TOGETHER
IN AN AREA
Ex: “herd”
DIFFERENT
POPULATIONS
LIVING TOGETHER
IN AN AREA
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006

6. _______________________ _____________
ECOSYSTEMS
BIOMES
BIOSPHERE
_______________________ _____________
All the organisms that
live in a place together
with their NON-living
environment
Group of ecosystems
that have same climate
and similar communities
The portion of the planet
in which all life exists

7. Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________
SPECIES

8. EX: Horse X donkey = mule
64 chromosomes
62 chromosomes
63 chromosomes
Horses and donkeys are different species.
If you breed them, the result is a mule which CANNOT have offspring!

9. The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________
The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________
The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________
(includes land, water, atmosphere)
ECOLOGY
BIOSPHERE
Extends from about
8 km above the Earth’s surface
to 11 km below the ocean’s surface

10. WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM?
BIOTIC FACTORS
__________________
All the living things an
organism interacts with
All the non-living things that
affect an organism
Ex: climate, temperature, sunlight
soil, humidity, wind
ABIOTIC FACTORS

11. HABITAT __________________ = The area where an organism lives
A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest
HABITAT

12. NICHE _____________ = place it lives PLUS the
_____________ & ______________
interactions it has in that place
NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . .
What it eats? What eats it?
Where in the habitat it lives? In a tree, in a pond, underground
Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etc When & how it reproduces?
NICHE
biotic
abiotic

13. HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an address OCCUPATION
organism’s ____________
Niche is like an
organism’s ______________
address
OCCUPATION

14. NO TWO SPECIES CAN SHARE THE SAME NICHE !
Competitive exclusion principle
= ______________________________

15. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.
SUNLIGHT

16. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Most autotrophs use _______________
to capture solar energy
Main producers on land
= green plants
In water = algae

17. Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________
They use energy stored in
________________ of
______________________to produce
carbohydrates = ___________________
Ex: Bacteria that
live in HOSTILE places
Like volcano vents, hot springs,
marshes
absence of light
chemical bonds
INORGANIC MOLECULES
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

18. HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms
CONSUMERS
HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms

19. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES
________________ =
eat only plants
eat only animals
eat both plants & animals
CARNIVORES
OMNIVORES

20. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
DETRITIVORES
________________ =
feed on plant & animal remains
EX: mites, earthworms,
snails, crabs
break down and absorb organic matter
EX: bacteria & fungi
DECOMPOSERS

21. ↑ ↑ CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten
CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs)
________________
_________________
= _________________ ↑ ↑
PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
FOOD CHAIN

22. In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
FOOD WEB
A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

23. PRODUCERS FIRST Each step in a food chain or web = _______________
ALWAYS
make up the
________
trophic level.
TROPHIC LEVEL
PRODUCERS
FIRST

24. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above.
Only about_____ of
the energy from
each level is passed
on.
10%

25. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development,
movement,
metabolism,
transport, and
reproduction.
The rest is
lost as ________
HEAT