1. The Renaissance 1300-1650 Began in Italy Spread north through Europe
Arrived late in England

2. Renaissance = “rebirth” of classical Greek. and Roman culture and
Renaissance = “rebirth” of classical Greek and Roman culture and learning
The Renaissance World
Small cities and villages
Class status and rank important
Insecurity – plague, fire, disease
In Italian city-states, power given to kings/princes

3. RENAISSANCE HUMANISM
Italian city-states become prosperous trade centers
Wealthy merchants and princes become patrons of the arts
Artists try to compete with great art of classical past
Increased trade demands more educated citizenry
Scholar Francesco Petrarch proposes studia humanitas (liberal arts) modeled after Roman philosopher Cicero
Francesco Petrarch

4. The Increase In Power of Kings
Lorenzo de’ Medici
called The Magnificent
Italian banker and statesman
leading patron of arts
family ruled Florence for 3 centuries

5. QUEEN ELIZABETH
Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, ruled England from 1558 to 1603 during what is known as the Elizabethan Age. Elizabeth's reign was a time of great prosperity and achievement, and her court was a center for poets, writers, musicians, and scholars.

6. HUMANISM
Focus on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy
Return to classical values would create a NEW GOLDEN AGE of culture in city-states
Latin language essential to new educational model
Recover lost art, wisdom, and culture of the ancient world and build new culture in imitation
Optimism about human potential

7. RENAISSANCE MEN Leonardo da Vinci Michaelangelo
--men who are highly accomplished in a variety of endeavors
--men with driven, passionate, and compulsive personalities
Leonardo da Vinci
Michaelangelo
--engineering, painting, sculpting, writing, designing, inventing
--architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, poet

8. Da Vinci’s masterpiece
Mona Lisa was da Vinci’s favorite painting
He actually took it everywhere he went
Mona Lisa

9. Da Vinci The Last Supper 1495-1497

10. MICHAELANGELO’S DAVID
17ft tall
Portrays David waiting to attack Goliath
(THE EXPURGATED VERSION)

11. Michaelangelo’s Pieta
Michaelangelo was 25
In St. Peter’s Basilica
The Virgin Mary Holding the Dead Christ
Pieta means ‘pity’

12. The face of Mary, full of resignation rather than sadness
"It would be impossible for any craftsman or sculptor no matter how brilliant ever to surpass the grace or design of this work, or try to cut and polish the marble with the skill that Michelangelo displayed. For the Pieta was a revelation of all the potentialities and force of the art of sculpture. Among the many beautiful features (including the inspired draperies) this is notably demonstrated by the body of Christ itself. It would be impossible to find a body showing greater mastery of art and possessing more beautiful members, or a nude with more detail in the muscles, veins, and nerves stretched over their framework of bones, or a more deathly corpse. The lovely expression of the head, the harmony in the joints and attachments of the arms, legs, and trunk, and the fine tracery of the veins are all so wonderful that it is hard to believe that the hand of an artist could have executed this inspired and admirable work so perfectly and in so short a time. It is certainly a miracle that a formless block of stone could ever have been reduced to a perfection that nature is scarcely able to create in the flesh." Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Artists, first published 1550, 2nd edition 1558.
Detail of the Pieta—
The face of Mary, full of resignation rather than sadness

13. MICHEL ANGELUS BONAROTUS FLORENT FACIBAT
Just days after it was placed in Saint Peter's, Michelangelo overheard a pilgrim remark that the work was done by Christoforo Solari, a compatriot from Lombard. That night in a fit of rage, Michelangelo took hammer and chisel and placed the following inscription on the sash running across Mary's breast in lapidary letters: MICHEL ANGELUS BONAROTUS FLORENT FACIBAT  (Michelangelo Buonarroti, Florentine, made this). This is the only work that Michelangelo ever signed. Michelangelo later regretted his passionate outburst of pride and determined to never again sign a work of his hands.
The Pieta
MICHEL ANGELUS BONAROTUS FLORENT FACIBAT

14. MICHAELANGELO’S
THE LAST JUDGEMENT
THE SISTINE CHAPEL

16. OTHER ARTISTS

17. Italian in full RAFFAELLO SANZIO (b
        Italian in full RAFFAELLO SANZIO (b. April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]--d. April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican in Rome. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994]
        Italian in full RAFFAELLO SANZIO (b. April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]--d. April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican in Rome. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994]
Raphael
``While we may term other works paintings, those of Raphael are living things; the flesh palpitates, the breath comes and goes, every organ lives, life pulsates everywhere.'' -- Vasari, Lives of the Artists

18. Raphael’s Christ on the Cross

19. Madonna of the Goldfinch
Raphael painted a series of Madonnas including…
Madonna of the Goldfinch by
Raphael
Cowper's Madonna

21. THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS Raphael’s Plato -painted to look like da Vinci
Aristotle-true renaissance man dabbled in all fields
Epicurus-
disbelieved in the afterlife, gods do not interfere with men
Diogenes-the cynical philosopher, searched for honest men with lantern in daylight
Pythagoras-created famous math thereom

22. Red Chalk Drawings were very popular during the Renaissance
Untitled—detail of woman’s face
By Raphael
Psyche Offering Venus the Water of Styx

23. Flemish Northern Renaissance painter
Brueghel – Peasant Wedding
Flemish Northern Renaissance painter
Known as Pieter the Elder
Father of Jan Brueghel and Pieter the Younger

24. Brueghel’s
Tower of Babel

25. Boticelli’s The Birth of Venus
Sandro Boticelli c

26. Boticelli's
VENUS AND MARS

27. Also by Boticelli Madonna of the Magnificat
Saint Augustine in his Study

28. Donatello
(1386?-1466), Italian Renaissance sculptor, who is generally considered one of the greatest sculptors of all time and the founder of modern sculpture.
David
A self-portrait in sculpture

29. Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi 1377-1446
The cupola of The Florence Duomo dedicated to Santa Maria del Fiore

30. Renaissance Authors

31. Niccolo machiavelli
Machiavelli, Niccol ( ), Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher, whose amoral, but influential writings on statecraft have turned his name into a synonym for cunning and duplicity.
Throughout his career Machiavelli sought to establish a state capable of resisting foreign attack. His writings are concerned with the principles on which such a state is founded, and with the means by which they can be implemented and maintained.
Author of The Prince

32. Elizabethan Authors Sir Walter Raleigh Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Edmund Spenser

33. Shakespeare Born 1564, died 1623 Wrote 38 major plays
Performed in the GlobeTheater
THE GLOBE THEATER - LONDON

34. Marlowe's plays, such as The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (1588
Marlowe's plays, such as The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (1588?) and The Jew of Malta (1589?), are remarkable primarily for their daring depictions of world-shattering characters who strive to go beyond the normal human limitations as the Christian medieval ethos had conceived them. These works are written in a poetic style worthy in many ways of comparison to Shakespeare's.
Christopher Marlowe
Born in 1564, same year as Shakespeare
Dramatic competitor with Shakespeare

35. CHRISTIAN HUMANISTS
Focused on programs of practical reform in a wide range of areas, including religion, education, and government
Northern Renaissance figures
Sir Thomas More
Desiderious Erasmus
Dutch scholar and reformer
Interested in how to live a pure Christian life
Wrote In Praise of Folly satirizing foolish behavior
English martyr for the Catholic faith
Wrote Utopia, a vision of a perfect world

36. new horizons
IMPORTANT NEW DISCOVERIES, INNOVATIONS, & CHANGES

37. 1492 Christopher Columbus discovers a new world
The World was not what it was assumed to be—anything seemed possible

39. The PROTESTANT REFORMATION
JOHN CALVIN
MARTIN LUTHER
On Oct. 31, 1517, nailed 95 theses to the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany
Upset over abuses of the Catholic church, especially indulgences
French Protestant reformer based in Geneva, Switzerland
Focus on predestination and the mystery of God’s will

40. Movable Type Printing Press1 4 5
Movable Type Printing Press
Johannes Guttenberg
Availability of Bibles and classic texts fed both the reformation and humanism
Advanced educational opportunities
Made books cheaper and more widely available

41. THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
Copernicus

42. NEW COPERNICAN MODEL OLD PTOLEMAIC MODEL SUN AT CENTER
EARTH REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN
HEAVENS FLAWED, NOT PERFECT SPHERES
OLD PTOLEMAIC MODEL
EARTH AND MAN AT CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE
HEAVENS REFLECT PERFECTION OF CREATOR

43. THE BLACK DEATH

44. The Plague spread by flea bites carried on rats
Renaissance medicine was very primitive—patients were often bled with leeches, superstitious methods of prevention

45. BOCCACCIO ON THE PLAGUE
It was not as it had been in the east, where nosebleeds had signaled that death was inevitable. Here the sickness began in both men and women with swelling in the groin and armpits. The lumps varied in size, some reaching the size of an ordinary apple and others that of an egg, and the people commonly called them gavoccioli. Having begun in these two parts of the body, the gavoccioli soon began to appear at random all over the body. After this point the disease started to alter in nature, with black or livid spots appearing on the arms, the thighs, everywhere. Sometimes they were large and well spaced, other times small and numerous. These were a certain sign of impending death, but so was the swelling.

46. THE GREAT MORTALITY
The most common form, called bubonic, is characterized by the formation of egg-sized swellings at the site of an infected flea bite, usually located in the armpits, groin or neck. Acute agonizing pain accompanies these growths. Next, hemorrhaging under the skin occurs, causing purplish blotches that frequently encircle the waist. Victims of bubonic plague die within four to six days of contraction.
A second form, pneumonic, occurs when the infection moves into the lungs, allowing the bacteria to be transmitted easily from person to person. A cough, a sneeze or the mere act of breathing sends death into the air. Symptoms include the vomiting of blood.
In septicemia, the third type of plague, massive numbers of the bacilli enter the bloodstream. A victim's body virtually explodes with the disease. A rash appears within hours, and death occurs within a day, even before buboes have time to appear.
Whatever form a victim contracted, everything about the plague was disgusting, so that the sick became objects of revulsion rather than of pity. All matter that exuded from their bodies let off an unbearable stench; sweat, excrement, spittle, and breath became so foul as to be overpowering; urine could be turbid, thick, black or red.

47. THE PLAGUE IN ART

48. The End