1. Lignophytes:
Spermatophytes:
Ginkgoales

2. The extant
seed plants

3. L I G N O P H Y T E S S P E R M A T O H Y

4. Appearance of Ginkgo
Ginkgophytes first appear in fossil record in the Permian (latest Paleozoic).

5. Modern leaves
Triassic leaves

7. Ginkgo was widespread and diverse in the Jurassic.
Ginkgo itself was widespread and diverse in the Jurassic. Maximum diversity was reached in the Cretaceous.
Ginkgo was widespread and diverse in the Jurassic.
Maximum diversity was reached in the Cretaceous. 

9. Gingkgo biloba is widely planted as an urban street tree

10. found along stream banks, rocky slopes, and cliff edges. Limestone
Glacial refugia
Evidence for the persistence of wild Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) populations in the Dalou Mountains, southwestern China

11. yin-kuo (silver fruit)
Engelbert Kaempfer,
Kaempfer, a surgeon employed by the Dutch East India Company, encountered Ginkgo in 1690, and wrote the first scientific description of this tree. Kaempfer stayed two years in Japan, When he visited Buddhist monks in Nagasaki in February 1691, he was the first western scientist to describe the tree Ginkgo biloba. He brought some Ginkgo seeds back that were planted in the botanical garden in Utrecht and can still be seen today.
yin-kuo (silver fruit)

12. (increases circulation)
Economic Importance
Asian cuisine
Economic importance: ornamental and shade tree, preparation of the leaves used in herbal medicine to increase circulation and maintain the blood supply to the capillaries. These vessels nourish all the tissues of the body, but most importantly the brain, extremities, skin, eyes, the inner ear, the heart and other vital organs.
The female gametophyte used in Japanese and Chinese dishes, baked in a custard.
herbal supplement
(increases circulation)
ornamental tree

13. trees to 30 m tall; bark grey, furrowed branching monopodial
Trees to 30 m tall; bark grey, furrowed. Branching is monopodial (strong central axis, lateral branched produced through activity of axillary buds), as with the conifers.
trees to 30 m tall;
bark grey, furrowed
branching monopodial

14. Ginkgo wood is pycnoxylic, with circular bordered pits.

15. Leaves fan-shaped, venation dichotomous
Leaves fan-shaped, venation dichotomous. Spirally arranged on short or long shoots (short shoots arise from axillary buds on long shoots). The specific epithet refers to the bilobed form, which is usually present on the distal portions of long shoots. On the basal portions, and on the short shoots, unlobed leaves are borne.
Short shoot
Long shoot

16. Leaves turn golden yellow before being shed in the fall.

17. microsporangiate strobili of Ginkgo
Reproductive body
Pollen is 4-celled, as in conifers. Pollination is by wind.
microsporangiate strobili of Ginkgo

18. Ginkgo ovules are radiospermic
Ovules originate in axils of leave on short shoots, paired on long, slender stalk, radiospermic (not platyspermic, as in conifers).
Ginkgo ovules are radiospermic

19. Three layers of the integument
Stony layer
Outer fleshy layer
Inner fleshy layer
Rancid odor imparted by
n-butyric acid
megagametophyte
Three layers of the integument

20. Young ovules of Ginkgo integument nucellus
pollen is brought into the interior of the ovule via the contraction of a pollination drop.
Young ovules of Ginkgo

21. Sperm are motile, like those of cycads (not so in conifers).

22. Ginkgo features that are like: Conifers Cycads
axillary branching
pycnoxylic wood
4-celled pollen grain
radiospermic seeds
haustorial pollen tube
motile sperm

23. The extant
seed plants

24. or alternatively …