1. THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE

2. Microorganisms are everywhere in our environment, on and in our bodies.
In most cases they do us no harm.
Under normal conditions, our bodies house entire populations of microorganisms, kept in balance and harmless.
These microorganisms are essential and help protect our body.

3. The Immune System Made up of mostly the….
Endocrine system: glans and hormones
Lymphatic system: capillaries, vessels, and nodes

4. First Line of Defense BARRIERS Skin Mucous Membranes
Hair (eyelashes, blinking) and cilia
Gastric juices: urine, vaginal secretions
Tears, sweat, saliva
Ear wax

5. Second Line of Defense:
White blood cells (leucocytes): circulate through body and inhibit & destroy pathogens before they do harm
Inflammatory response: Inflammation (blood vessels near site expand)
Pain, redness and swelling, pus
Fever
The inflammatory response shows that your body is attacking pathogens

6. Third Line of Defense: The Immune Response
Antigen: any substance that can trigger an immune response (pathogens, environmental chemicals, pollen, foreign tissue)
Antibodies: neutralize pathogens
Antigen proteins trigger the production of antibodies which neutralizes the pathogen.

7. Third Line of Defense: Active Immunity
Active Immunity
Vaccination - the body creates antibodies in response to dead or weakened viruses injected or taken orally
Passive Immunity
Through pregnancy or nursing

8. Vaccines
Edward Jenner (1796) credited with discovery of vaccines with a small pox vaccine.
Eradication of small pox in the 1960’s – 1970’s.
1927 Tetanus vaccine
1962 Polio vaccine, 1994 America declared polio free.
1981 Hepatitis B vaccine
Vaccines are often grown in eggs

9. Antibiotics Alexander Fleming's discovery of Penicillin in 1928
He was sorting through a number of glass plates that had previously been coated with staphylococci bacteria and noticed a mould that had killed some of the bacteria.

10. Pasteurization
The process was named after its creator, French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur. - first pasteurization test in 1864
The process of heating a beverage or other food, (milk or beer) to a specific temperature for a specific period of time in order to kill microorganisms that could cause disease, spoilage, or undesired fermentation

11. PREVENTION WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY Protect yourself – stay healthy
Eat a healthy, balanced diet
Stay hydrated
Reduce your stress levels - relax
Exercise regularly – 60 minutes aerobic, daily
Get regular medical checkups
Try to avoid close contact with sick people
Get enough sleep
Don’t share personal items
Cover your mouth
Be on guard outdoors
GET VACCINATED