1. Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology
Siwi Wijayanti

2. Molecular Biotechnology
Molecular biotechnology is the use of laboratory techniques to study and modify nucleic acids and proteins for applications in areas such as human and animal health, agriculture, and the environment.
Molecular biotechnology results from the convergence of many areas of research, such as molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, immunology, genetics, and cell biology.
It is an exciting field fueled by the ability to transfer genetic information between organisms with the goal of understanding important biological processes or creating a useful product.

3. The tools of molecular biotechnology can be applied to develop and improve drugs, vaccines, therapies, and diagnostic tests that will improve human and animal health.
Molecular biotechnology has applications in plant and animal agriculture, aquaculture, chemical and textile manufacturing, forestry, and food processing

7. Title

8. DNA Isolation
DNA isolation is a process of purification of DNA from sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods
The first isolation of DNA was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher
Currently it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analysis
For the chemical method, there are many different kits used for extraction, and selecting the correct one will save time on kit optimization and extraction procedures.
PCR sensitivity detection considered to show the variation between the commercial kits.

30. Cell Culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
Cell culture conditions can vary for each cell type, but artificial environments consist of a suitable vessel with substrate or medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth factors, hormones, and gases (CO2, O2), and regulates the physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic pressure, temperature).