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Theoretical Perspectives
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What are theoretical foundations?
Theories that provide alternate interpretations of big ideas Different perspectives to view our “key concepts” (from last time) Depend on context In this instance – how do we explain how/why states seek power?
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Theory 1: Realism View world in competitive terms
Global politics dominated by states (rather than other orgs or actors) States act in own self-interest (national security) Theorist: John Mearsheimer ---- “Structural” Realism International system is anarchic no credible power above the states States can’t be sure of other states’ intentions/ abilities
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Theory 2: Liberalism More cooperative view of world
Many actors influence outcomes (not just states, but also IGOs, MNCs, NGOs, individual actors, etc….) Primary concern is for justice, liberty, equality Theorist: Joseph Nye Soft power
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Theory 3: Critical Theories
Umbrella term for theories that critique 1+ major aspects of other theories, current world order, or ways of organizing life Ex: feminism, environmentalism, post-colonialism, Marxism Theorist: Antonio Gramsci (first ½ of 1900s) Cultural hegemony: Ruling class rules over culturally diverse society, their ideas become “norm” & seen as good for everyone, even if only good for ppl in power
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More on realism & liberalism
Mearsheimer explains structural realism: (9) Joseph Nye’s TED Talk on global power shifts: (18)
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