2. Pure Substance vs. Mixture
Pure Substance: a type of matter with a fixed composition; every sample has exactly the same characteristic, properties, and composition.
- Helium & H2O
Mixture: matter composed of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical means; each which retains its own identity and properties
- concrete & saltwater solution

3. Pure Substance vs. Mixture

4. Pure Substance vs. Mixture
fabrics
vinegar
table salt
rocks
milk
sugar
absolute alcohol (ethanol)
isopropyl alcohol
lemonade
air

5. Pure Substance vs. Mixture
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means is called a(n)
A. element B. compound C. mixture D. isotope

6. Can it be chemically decomposed?
Matter Flowchart
Compound
PURE SUBSTANCE
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Element 6

7. One type of Pure Substance:
Elements- substance made up of atoms that are all alike
All one kind of atom
118 different elements
H, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne
Based on this definition is H2 an element?

8. The other type of Pure Substance:
Compounds are substances in which the atoms of 2 or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
Can be broken down by a chemical change
Examples: H2O, NaCl, CaCO3

9. Element vs. Compound

10. Element vs. Compound aluminum C2H5OH H2O (dihydrogen monoxide) NaCl
calcium, Hg
sugar (C12H22O11)
ammonia (NH3 ) H2

11. Element or Compound Sucrose- Copper- Hydrochloric acid-
Copper(II) chloride- CuCl2
Oxygen- O2
Potassium- K
C6H12O6
Compound Cu
Element
HCl
Compound
Element or Compound
Compound
Element
Element

12. Element vs. Compound
Carbon cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means, so carbon must be a. a mixture. b. an element. c. a compound.

13. What does each box represent?
Element vs. Compound
What does each box represent?

14. Is the composition uniform?
Matter Flowchart
MIXTURE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Heterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution) 14

15. Mixtures
matter composed of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical means.
Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which different materials remain distinct.
“Hetero” means different

16. Suspensions
Suspension – a heterogeneous mixture made up of a liquid and solid particles that settle.
Examples:
italian salad dressing, river water

17. Colloids
Colloid – a heterogeneous mixture with particles that never settle
Examples:
milk, paint, fog, smoke

18. Identifying Colloids
One way to identify colloids is by its appearance.
You can identify whether a liquid is a colloid by passing a beam of light through it.
A light beam is invisible as it passes through a solution, but can be seen as it passes through a colloid.

19. Identifying Colloids
This occurs because the particles in the colloid are large enough to scatter light, but those in a solution are not.
The scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid is called the Tyndall effect.

20. Mixtures
Homogeneous mixture- a mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope
“Homo” means same
Solution – the same thing as a homogeneous mixture
Both will never settle to the bottom of their container
Examples: vinegar, cola, apple juice

21. Alloys Alloy- homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements
Examples:
* Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni
* Brass – Cu & Zn
* 14K, 10K, 18K Gold

22. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
Milk-
Sugar water-
Trail mix-
Salt water solution-
Steel-
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous

24. Day 2

25. Can it be physically separated?
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes 25

26. Can it be physically separated?
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element

27. Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Titanium-
Copper(II) sulfate-
Cheeseburger-
Calcium chloride -
Lithium nitrate solution-
Calcium-
Acetone-
Brass-
Element
Compound
Hetero Mixture
Compound
Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Homo Mixture
Element
Homo mixture
Homo mixture-alloy

28. Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Sodium bicarbonate-
Kool-Aid-
10K gold-
Helium gas-
Sand, salt, and iron-
Sand-
Compound
Homogeneous mixture
Homo mixture- alloy
Element
Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Hetero mixture
Compound

29. Separation Techniques
Filtration-physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids
Separation Techniques

30. Distillation

31. Fractional Distillation
the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, using their boiling point and heating them to different temperatures
Fractional Distillation

32. techniques for the separation of mixtures
techniques for the separation of mixtures. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.
Chromatography