1. Part 1 – Properties of Matter
Matter and Change
Part 1 – Properties of Matter

2. Properties and Changes in Matter
Every substance has characteristic properties.
Chemists use these properties to distinguish between substances and separate them.

3. Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
Properties are either extensive or intensive.
Extensive Properties
depend on amount of matter present
volume, mass, and
amount of energy in a substance
Intensive Properties
do not depend on amount of matter present
melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity, and percent composition

4. Properties of One Penny
Metal
Composed of 2.5% copper and 97.5% zinc
Mass – 2.50 grams
Volume – mL
Density – 5.66 g/mL

5. Properties of Many Pennies
Metal
Composed of 2.5% copper and 97.5% zinc
Mass – 2500 grams
(1000 pennies x 2.5 g)
Volume – 442 mL
(1000 pennies x.442mL)
Density – 5.66 g/mL
One Thousand Pennies

6. Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
WHICH PROPERTIES REMAINED THE SAME?
Metal
Percent Composition
Density
The intensive properties remained the same because they do not depend on the amount of pennies present.

7. Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
WHICH PROPERTIES CHANGED?
Mass
Volume
The extensive properties changed because they do depend on the amount of pennies present.

8. There are 2 major categories that all properties of matter fall into
Property Types
Physical
There are 2 major categories that all properties of matter fall into
Chemical

9. They can be observed by using the five senses.
Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.
They can be observed by using the five senses.

10. What are the physical properties of a labradoodle?
Cross between a lab and a poodle
Size of a lab
With the curly hair of a poodle
Can be black, yellow, brown, or white
Tail of a lab

11. Chemical Properties
Chemical properties relate to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

12. Examples of chemical properties:
Conductivity -ability to conduct electricity
Flammability – ability to ignite
Electronegativity – the ability to retain electrons

13. Part 2 – Changes in Matter

14. Physical Change
A change in the physical appearance of a substance that does not change the identity of the substance.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

15. Physical Changes Still H2O in every form!!!
Phase Change – physical change from one state to another
SOLID
Below 0°C
LIQUID
Between 0°C and
100°C
GAS
Above 100°C
Only the temperature changes
Still H2O in every form!!!

16. Physical Changes Examples of physical changes: Cutting your hair
Crushing an aluminum can
Cutting your hair
Shredding paper

17. Chemical Changes
Chemical changes, or chemical reactions, occur when one or more substances is converted into another substance.
Original atoms are preserved
New substances are formed
Different chemical composition than original substance

18. Chemical changes are chemical reactions.
Indicated by a number of signs
formation of a gas,
formation of a solid, or precipitate
change in temperature
evolution of heat and light
Change in color
Change in odor

19. Chemical Changes
When iron (Fe) rusts, you can see it happen over a long period of time.
The actual iron molecules change their structure as they react with oxygen and are oxidized.

20. Chemical Changes Grass growing Frying an egg
Examples of chemical changes:
Milk souring
Grass growing
Frying an egg

21. Energy Transfer
All changes (physical and chemical) involve some transfer of energy.
Body uses energy from chemical reactions to digest food.
Weather involves a transfer of energy to evaporate water in the atmosphere.
Therefore, the study of matter also involves the study of energy.

22. Summary Extensive Properties Intensive Properties
Physical Properties and Changes
Chemical Properties and Changes
Transfer of Energy