1. Mixtures and Solutions

2. Mixtures and Solutions
A mixture is a combination
of two or more components that
are NOT chemically combined,
and retain their identities.
Mixtures can be physically separated. The identities of the substances DO NOT change.
A homogeneous mixture is also called a
solution.

3. Mixtures
When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a heterogeneous mixture.
In a homogeneous mixture such
as chocolate milk, the component particles cannot be distinguished,
even though they still retain their
original properties.

4. Mixtures Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures
Distillation – separates a mixture based on boiling points of the component.
Examples :
saltwater
crude oil into gasoline and kerosene
Magnet – separates iron from other objects.
Centrifuge – spins and separates according to densities.

5. Solutions
A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other.
A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid.
Examples of solutions
Liquid - seawater
Gas - air
Solid - alloys

6. Solutions Dissolving – The process in which
particles of substances separate and
spread evenly amongst each other.
Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is
soluble, or able to dissolve.
A substance that is insoluble is unable to
dissolve, forms a mixture that is not
homogeneous, and therefore NOT a solution.
Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved.

7. Solubility
The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution using a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.
Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per 100 ml of solvent (g/100ml)
Three (3) methods that affect solubility
Mixing, stirring, or shaking
Heating
Crushing or grinding

8. Suspension A mixture in which particles of
a material are dispersed through-
out a liquid or gas but are large
enough that they settle out.
Particles are insoluble, so they DO NOT dissolve in the liquid or gas.
Particles can be separated using a filter.
Examples:
Salad dressing
Medicines that say
“shake well before use”

9. Colloids
A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out.
Made up of solids, liquids and gases.
Examples :
Mayonnaise
Stick deodorant
milk