1. I can describe the lymphatic system.
Agenda:
Lymphatic System Notes
Immune Response Activity
Objective:
I can describe the lymphatic system.

2. Lymphatic System Glands And Immune Response

3. Introduction Components Functions ________________
Vessels – _____________
Structures & organs
Functions
____________________________
Transport fats from the digestive tract to the bloodstream

4. Spleen _______________________ Located between the stomach & diaphragm
________________________
Functions
_________________
Stores blood

5. Spleen FG23_17B.JPG Title: The Spleen
Notes: (a) The shape of the spleen roughly conforms to the shapes of adjacent organs; transverse section. (b)Visceral surface of intact spleen; major anatomical landmarks. (c)Histological appearance of the spleen.
Keywords: spleen, transverse, abdominopelvic cavity, kidneys, pancreas, hilus, diaphragm, gastrosplenic ligament, stomach, liver, rib, white pulp, visceral surface, gastric area, splenic vein, splenic artery, renal area, histology, trabecular arteries, capsule, red pulp

6. Thymus Gland
Location – ________________________________________________
The capsule divides it into 2 lobes
Development
Infant – conspicuous
Puberty – maximum size
Maturity – ____________
Function
________________________

7. Thymus Gland FG23_16A.JPG Title: The Thymus
Notes: (a)Location of thymus on gross dissection. (b)Anatomical landmarks on thymus. (c)Low-power light micrograph of thymus. (d)Higher magnification showing structure of Hassall's corpuscles.
Keywords: thymus, gross dissection, thyroid, trachea, lobe, septae, lobule, cortex, medulla, blood vessels, Hassall's corpuscles, epithelial cells, lymphocytes

8. Function of the Lymphatic System
Defense against harmful organisms and chemicals
2 types of defense
_____________
________________
Specific defense = immunity
Humoral immunity involves B cells that become plasma cells which produce antibodies that bind with specific antigens.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Immune Systems Highly developed in mammals Two types of immunity:
_________________________________
Adaptive immunity _________
Lymphatic System: Production & transport of leukocytes (WBC)
Traps foreign invaders

10. Bacteria & insects inherit resistance. Vertebrates acquire immunity.
Lines of defense
1st line: Non-specific barriers
______________________
“walls & moats”
skin & mucous membranes
2nd line: Non-specific patrols
“patrolling soldiers”
_______________________
3rd line: _____________________
specific, adaptive immunity
“elite trained units”
B cells & T cells
Bacteria & insects inherit resistance.
Vertebrates acquire immunity.

11. 1st line: Non-specific External defense
_______________
skin
Traps
mucous membranes, cilia, hair, earwax
Elimination
coughing, sneezing, urination, diarrhea
__________________
stomach acid, sweat, saliva, urine
Lysozyme enzyme
digests bacterial cell walls
tears, sweat
Lining of trachea: ciliated cells & mucus secreting cells

12. 2nd line: _________________________
bacteria
attack pathogens, but don’t “remember” for next time
_________________
phagocytic white blood cells
macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells
Antimicrobial proteins
Complement system
Interferons
_______________________
increase in body temp.
increase capillary permeability
attract macrophages/neutrophils
macrophage
yeast

13. Inflammatory response
Histamine and cytokines increase blood flow to damaged site, making it look red and puffy = INFLAMMED!

14. Fever __________________________ system-wide response to infection
activated macrophages release interleukin-1
triggers hypothalamus in brain to readjust body thermostat to raise body temperature
higher temperature helps defense
________________________
_________________________
speeds up repair of tissues
causes liver & spleen to store iron, reducing blood iron levels
bacteria need large amounts of iron to grow
Certain bacterial infections can induce an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response leading to a condition known as septic shock.
Characterized by high fever and low blood pressure, septic shock is the most common cause of death in U.S. critical care units.
Clearly, while local inflammation is an essential step toward healing, widespread inflammation can be devastating.

15. 3rd line: Adaptive (active) Immunity
Specific defense with memory
________________
___________________
They respond to…
_____________
B cell

16. B cells ________________________
Attacks foreign antigens in blood or lymph
Produce specific _______________ against specific antigens
Types of B cells
______________
immediate production of antibodies
rapid response, short term release
continued circulation in body
long term immunity

17. T cells Involved in ________________________
Attack, learn & remember pathogens hiding in infected cells
recognize antigen fragments
also defend against “non-self” body cells
cancer & transplant cells
Types of T cells
________________
alerts rest of immune system
attack infected body cells
long term immunity

18. How do T cells know a cell is infected?
Infected cells digest some pathogens
MHC proteins carry pieces to cell surface
foreign antigens now on cell membrane
called Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)
Many different WBC’s can also serve as APC
tested by Helper T cells
MHC proteins displaying foreign antigens
infected cell
TH cell
WANTED
T cell with antigen receptors

19. 2 Types: ACTIVE and PASSIVE
What is Immunity?
2 Types: ACTIVE and PASSIVE