1. How did autocrats gain, maintain, and consolidate power?
Peter the Great
How did autocrats gain, maintain, and consolidate power?

2. DO NOW: Read Peter the Great - Introduction
In the 1600s, Russia was isolated from Western Europe. Russia was not influenced by the Renaissance and Reformation and was still a medieval state. Russia went through a period of disorder and foreign invasions. It was not until the late 1600s that Russia returned to an orderly state. In 1682, a new czar (leader) came to absolute power in Russia. Peter was just ten years old when he became the czar of Russia. He did not take control of the government until Peter was not well educated, but was very curious. Peter spent hours in the “German quarter”, the Moscow suburb where many Dutch, Scottish, English, and other foreign crafts people and soldiers lived. There, Peter heard of the advanced technology that was helping Western European monarchs build powerful empires. Peter’s goal as czar was to westernize, which means to adopt western ideas, technology, and culture, Russia.

3. Peter The Great’s Actions
Although a religious man, he had no respect for the privileges accorded to the Church, When Patriarch Adrian, head of the Russian Orthodox Church, died in 1700, Peter did not permit the vacancy to be filled.
He declared War on Sweden to expand his territory and open a road from Russia to the West.

4. Peter The Great’s Actions
He forced boyars (nobles) to serve in the state in civilian/military jobs
He used technology and ideas from Western Europe to set up schools, develop industries, and improved infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.)
When guards revolted against his changes he tortured and executed them

5. War on Sweden

6. Expansion: War on Sweden
What was the main purpose of the War on Sweden?
The main purpose of the War on Sweden was
This helped Peter the Great __________ power because
On August 8, 1700, Peter made his historic decision to declare war on Sweden, in order to open a road* from Russia to the West by the conquest of the Baltic coastal region. He had secured the help of Poland and Denmark, but his alliance with these two rivals of Sweden was to prove ineffectual. With nothing to rely on but his own forces, Peter was defeated at Narva by the valiant Swedish King, Charles XII. Refusing to be discouraged by this defeat, Peter raised and equipped new armies; he put immense effort into creating a good artillery; he worked with his own hands on the construction of the frigates [ships] that gave him mastery of the Baltic.

7. Table of Ranks

8. Table of Ranks
How did the Table of Ranks limit the power of the aristocracy?
The Table of Ranks limited the power of the aristocracy by
This helped Peter the Great __________ power because
In 1722 the establishment of the Table of Ranks brought to its logical conclusion a process that had been evolving for three centuries. It imposed obligatory lifelong state service on all ranks of the nobility. It established fourteen equivalent grades in the military, naval, and civil service and required that even princes of the most exalted families should begin at the lowest grade and work their way up the ladder. The Table of Ranks offered the privileges of nobility to anyone who performed state service and made service to the state the principal basis for privilege.…

10. Dual Russia – Petrine Reform
What was the long term effect of Peter the Great’s reform on Russian Society?
The long term effect on Russian Society was
This helped/hurt Russian Society because
Peter’s Reform is often seen as the main cause and the starting point of the irreversible split of Russian society into two parts. Peter’s reforms transformed the upper levels of Russian society while the masses remained largely unaffected by them. Peter had forced the nobility to acquire technical knowledge of Western Europe and to adopt European styles of dress and manners. An increasingly Europeanized education of the upper classes brought with it a familiarity with the philosophies and theories of the Enlightenment. Soon many Russian nobles even preferred to speak the languages of Western Europe (particularly French and German) to Russian. By the nineteenth century their world was European in dress, manners, food, education, attitudes, and language, and was completely alien to the way of life of the Russian popular masses

11. SHORT RESPONSE: Historical Context: Throughout history, autocratic leaders have exercised authority over their countries and the lives of their people. The actions of autocratic leaders have both helped and hurt their countries and their peoples. (King Louis XIV and Czar Peter the Great)
Task: Select two leaders mentioned in the historical context and for each • Describe actions taken by the leader that show this individual was an autocrat • Discuss the extent to which this leader’s use of autocratic power helped and/or hurt his country or his people

12. Rubric
5: Excellent Work
3: Acceptable Work
1: Not Acceptable Work
Task
All aspects of the task are addressed evenly and in depth.
Most aspects of the task are addressed.
Essay is uneven or only addresses a portion of the task.
Evidence
Richly supports the theme with many (2-4) relevant facts, examples, details.
Includes some (1-2) relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some inaccuracies.
Includes little or no examples and/or many inaccuracies.
Analysis
Clearly demonstrates analysis well beyond description. Evaluates the impact, change, extent, and effectiveness for all aspects of the task.
Demonstrates some analysis, but mostly description. Discusses the impact, change, extent, and effectiveness for some of the task.
Demonstrates some description, but lacks analysis. Lacks analysis of impact, change, or extent of effectiveness for all aspects of the task.
Organization
Intro includes strong historical context with a clear, concise thesis. Paragraphs start with a clear topic sentence.
Intro includes some historical context with a thesis. Paragraphs start with a topic sentence.
Intro lacks relevant historical context and lacks thesis statement. Paragraphs lack a topic sentence.