1. NONFICTION

2. Strategies for Reading
If you find yourself having difficulty understanding what you are reading, try one of the following strategies. Choose one or more that seem most
likely to help.
(McDougal Littell)

3. Strategies for Reading
PREDICT
Try to figure out what will happen next and how the selection might end. Then read on to see how accurate your guesses are.

4. Strategies for Reading
VISUALIZE
Visualize characters, events, and setting to help you understand what’s happening. When you read nonfiction, pay attention to the images that form in your mind as you read.

5. Strategies for Reading
CONNECT
Connect personally with what you’re reading. Think of similarities between the descriptions in the selection and what you have personally experienced, heard about, or read about.

6. Strategies for Reading
QUESTION
Question what happens while you read. Searching for reasons behind events and character’s feelings or behaviors can help you feel closer to what you are reading.

7. Strategies for Reading
CLARIFY
Stop occasionally to review what you understand, and expect to have your understanding change and develop as you read on. Reread and use resources to help you clarify your understanding. Also watch for answers to questions you may have had earlier.

8. Strategies for Reading
EVALUATE
Form opinions about what you read, both while you’re reading and after you’ve finished. Develop your own ideas about characters, events, and the author’s viewpoint.

9. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Before you begin reading, preview the selection and skim the questions that follow the passage. This can help focus your reading.
(McDougal Littell)

10. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Use active reading strategies such as analyzing, predicting, and questioning. Make notes in the margin to help focus your reading.

11. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Think about the title. What might it suggest about the overall message or theme of the selection?

12. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Look for main ideas. These are often stated at the beginnings or ends of paragraphs. Sometimes they are implied – not stated. After reading each paragraph, ask, “What was this passage about?”

13. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Note any literary elements and techniques used by the author. For example, be aware of tone (the writer’s attitude toward the subject), point of view, figurative language, or other elements. Then ask yourself what the author might be trying to achieve with this usage.

14. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Unlock word meanings. Use word structure and context clues to help you discover the meaning of unfamiliar words.

15. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Think about the message or theme. What larger lesson can you draw from the passage? Can you infer anything or make generalizations about other similar situations, human beings, or life in general?

16. Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Examine the author. What do you know about him/her? What is his purpose for writing? Who is the audience? What is their tone? Are they showing any bias?

17. NONFICTION
NONFICTION
- IS BASED ON FACT
- CAN BE VERIFIED

18. NONFICTION
FACT = TRUTH
The act of putting it in writing
CHANGES IT

19. NONFICTION The author’s chosen words reveal BELIEFS PREJUDICES
BACKGROUND
PURPOSE

20. NONFICTION
An author’s PURPOSE
determines his/her
METHOD OF WRITING

21. NONFICTION PURPOSE TYPE OF WRITING
1. Explain, inform, define, clarify EXPOSITION
2. Create a mood or appeal to senses DESCRIPTION
3. Relate a series of events NARRATION
4. Persuade to believe or do PERSUASION
something
A nonfiction writer may use a COMBINATION of any four of these methods.

22. Type of Writing???
Holt
Judo throws require both precise timing and exact balance. At this level (yellow belt) there is always a slight possibility that the participants have insufficient agility or coordination.
The air conditioner in the gym was broken, and the place was like a giant oven. Jim was sweating heavily after the last throw. Terry lunged for Jim, but his fingers slipped on Jim’s glistening skin.
I just came out of the last throw and turned toward Terry, who was getting up to come at me from the left. I made a quarter turn and moved my left leg when he reached for my neck and his hand slipped.
Jim is jealous of me and always has been. I got my yellow belt three meets ahead of him, and I’m the only one who has ever thrown him three out of four times.

23. NONFICTION TYPES OR FORMS: ESSAYS INFORMATIVE ARTICLES (REPORTS)
BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY
These forms range from a very personal kind of writing to a very objective kind.

24. NONFICTION
SUBJECTIVE - Very personal FEELINGS and BIASES are revealed (Personal Essays & Autobiographies)
OBJECTIVE - Conveys FACTS feelings are SCREENED OUT (Expository Essays, Informative Articles, & Autobiographies)

25. NONFICTION
ESSAY
A relatively short piece of writing on a single subject. Some essays are FORMAL – tightly structured and written in an impersonal style. Others are INFORMAL – more loosely structured and written in a more personal, even conversational style. Authors often use the elements of literature in their essays to make them more real and/or interesting to readers.
Essais means “tries” or “attempts” in French  short and limited

26. NONFICTION TYPES of ESSAYS
Expository - presents or explains information or ideas
Persuasive - presents arguments and attempts to convince readers
Personal - expresses the writers thoughts and feelings, (personality)

27. Strategies for Evaluating an Essay
NONFICTION
Strategies for Evaluating an Essay
Fact & Opinion: Facts – can be proved or disproved Opinions – are agreed or disagreed upon
Analyze: whether the writer’s intent is to express ideas and feelings, or to inform, entertain, or persuade.
Evaluate: the writer’s ideas and reasoning. Does he/she support opinions with facts? Do you agree with conclusions?
Clarify: your understanding by summarizing the main ideas as you read.

28. INFORMATIVE ARTICLE or REPORT
NONFICTION
INFORMATIVE ARTICLE or REPORT
Provides FACTS about a specific subject. May use imagery, figurative language, and human interest to hook the reader’s interest. Should be ACCURATE (facts straight and clearly stated) and OBJECTIVE (fair – feelings do not get in the way of the truth.

29. TYPES of INFORMATIVE ARTICLES
NONFICTION
TYPES of INFORMATIVE ARTICLES
- News Stories: objective, unbiased accounts of current events
- Feature Articles: focus on interesting people, places, things, or events

30. NONFICTION PROPAGANDA
A report that DISTORTS the facts to MANIPULATE the reader.

31. Strategies for Evaluating an Informative Article or Report
NONFICTION
Strategies for Evaluating an Informative Article or Report
Preview and skim the article.
Consider background information
Question and predict
Read the article carefully focusing on key facts and ideas
Identify details that support the main idea
Reread any passages that seem unclear

32. NONFICTION
Biography
A writer’s account of another person’s life. A biography requires study and research and must present facts accurately and objectively. Reputable biographers strive to create a balanced account of their subject’s life.

33. NONFICTION Autobiography
A writer’s account of his/her own life. An autobiography generally focuses on the writer’s personal experiences over a period of time. It is often based on memory and is subjective since it reveals the feelings and biases of the author.

34. Strategies for Evaluating a Biography or Autobiography
NONFICTION
Strategies for Evaluating a Biography or Autobiography
Keep track of the people mentioned in the narrative (web diagram)
Be aware of cause-and-effect relationships
In biographies, question objectivity and in autobiographies, be aware of subjectivity and bias

35. Type of Nonfiction???
McDougal Littell
My ankles and the back of my hand are throbbing from the tubes bringing in the blood and I don’t care about boys praying for me. I can hear the swish of Sister Rita’s habit and the click of her rosary beads when she leaves the room. I fall asleep and when I wake it’s dark and Dad is sitting by the bed with his hand on mine.

36. Type of Nonfiction???
McDougal Littell
For Christmas, I begged for go-go boots. The rest of my life would be endurable if I had a pair of those white, calf-high confections with the little black heels….Never mind that those little black heels are like skate blades in inclement weather. I would walk on air.

37. Type of Nonfiction???
McDougal Littell
For the children of Northern Ireland, violence is embedded in the rituals of daily life. Early curfews are the norm, public places are commonly avoided and Catholics and Protestants rarely venture outside their own neighborhoods.

38. THE END