1. Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods
PERIODIC TABLE
Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods

2. The Periodic Table

3. METALS Found on the left side of the Periodic Table
Have less than 4 electrons in their outer orbit
Tend to give away electrons when forming bonds (+ ions)

4. METALS Have a luster and are often gray in color.
Are malleable – Can be bent or pounded into shape without breaking
Are ductile – Can be formed into wire
Are good conductors of heat and electricity

5. Examples of Metals

6. NON-METALS Found on the right side of the stair step line
Have more than 4 electrons in their outer orbit
Tend to take electrons when forming bonds (- ions)

7. NON-METALS Have a dull finish Are brittle and powdery Are not ductile
Are poor conductors of heat and electricity

8. Examples of Non Metals

9. METALLOIDS
Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
They are found along the stair step line on the Periodic Table

10. Examples of Metalloids
Boron

12. Groups / Families
Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table.
These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits.
They also have many characteristics in common.
The group IIa elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.

13. Groups / Families Which elements are these? upper left – magnesium
lower right - calcium
What do they have in common?
The same number of electrons in their outer orbit.

14. Groups / Families
Group VIIa is the Halogen family; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, & iodine.
What do all of these elements have in common?
Each has 7 electrons in its outer orbit.
What characteristics do they have in common?
All are very toxic and used as germ killers.

15. Alkali Metal Family Each has only one electron in it’s outer orbit
Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to air
React violently with water
Part of many common salts

16. Alkali Earth Metals Have 2 electrons in their outer orbits.
Highly reactive and corrosive metals.
Magnesium is found in abundance in sea water.
Calcium is important for bones and teeth.

17. Halogens Selected Properties of the Group 7 Halogens Symbol and Name
Atomic Number
Electron arrangement
State and color at room temperature, color of vapor when heated
Melting point
Boiling point F
Fluorine 9
2.7
-220oC, 53K
-188oC 85K
Cl Chlorine 17
2.8.7
-101oC, 172K
 -34oC, 239K
Br Bromine 35
-7oC, 266K
59oC, 332K I
Iodine 53
114oC, 387K
185oC, 458K
At Astatine 85
302oC 575K
337oC 610K
black solid, very dark vapour
dark red liquid, orange to bromine vapour
pale yellow gas
green gas
very dark grey solid, purple vapour

18. Noble or Inert Gases Have full outer orbits.
Are gases at room temperature.
They rarely form compounds. Inert!!
Helium is the second most abundant element in the cosmos.

19. Periods Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic table.
Elements in the same period have the same number of orbits containing electrons.
These elements do not have many other characteristics in common.