1. Classification
Evolution Standards

2. Historical background
Aristotle – first to classify living things.
-two major groups... plants and animals.
Plants separated by size (structure)
... herbs, shrubs, and trees.
Animals grouped by where they lived
...land, sea, or air.
Carolus Linnaeus ( ) a Swedish naturalist
"Father of Taxonomy" developed the system we use to name organisms today. 

3. Levels of classification:
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

4. Species to Kingdom
We will talk about the smallest, most specific to the largest, most general
SPECIES - a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

5. Species name has 2 parts:
System known as binomial nomenclature
Genus (capitalized & italicized)
identifier – descriptive word (italicized)
EX. Homo sapiens, Panthera tigris, Panthera leo

6. How can a new species develop?
Geographic speciation - physical means such as the breaking up of a land mass so that a sea separates the group
Sympatric speciation - behavioral such as one group of females in a species preferring males with long tails while another group of females in the group preferring short tails

7. In other words…
Separate groups of organisms belonging to the same species may adapt in different ways to better utilize diverse environments or resources. They also may evolve varied characteristics for attracting mates. That is, different groups evolve in different directions. Over time, these groups or populations may become so different that they can no longer breed together--separate species are formed.

8. Modern system of classification of Kingdoms

9. The Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants
Animals

10. How are organism placed into their kingdoms?
Cell type, complex or simple
The number of cells in their body
Their ability to make food

11. Kingdom
Cell type
Number of cells
Nutrition
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Auto/heterotrophy
Eubacteria
Protista
Eukaryotic
Uni/multicellular
Fungi
Heterotrophy
Plantae
Multicellular
Auto (rarely) Heterotrophy
Animalia

12. Animals largest kingdom many complex cells heterotrophs Sumatran Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: tigris

13. Plants contains - flowering plants, mosses, and ferns.
all multicellular with complex cells.
Autotrophs
second largest kingdom.
Without plants, life on Earth would not exist! Plants feed almost all the heterotrophs on Earth. Wow!

14. Fungi Mushrooms, mold and mildew multicellular and many complex cells
cannot make their own food
obtain food from parts of plants
that are decaying in the soil.

15. Archaebacteria
found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents on seafloor with no oxygen or highly acid environments (likes salty water)
Mammoth Hot Springs at Yellowstone National Park
Tubeworms living near a vent on floor in Pacific Ocean

16. Eubacteria complex and single celled found everywhere
classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different.
Streptococci

17. Protists Slime molds and algae Complex cells Most are unicellular
members are so different from one another.
all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi.
Not in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdoms. because, unlike bacteria, protists are complex cells. These delicate looking diatoms are classified in the protist kingdom.

18. References http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/Six_Kingdoms/Index.htm