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Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
Changes in manufacturing launch an Industrial Revolution. Slavery and other issues divide the North and South. Andrew Jackson has popular appeal but uproots many Native Americans. NEXT
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Regional Economies Create Differences 7.1
The North and South develop different economic systems that lead to political differences between the regions. NEXT
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I. Another Revolution Affects America
1 SECTION I. Another Revolution Affects America A. Changes in Manufacturing • Eli Whitney develops interchangeable parts • - identical parts used to assemble products • Mass production--production of goods in large quantities • Industrial Revolution - machines replace hand tools - large-scale factory production develops Continued . . . NEXT
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B. Great Britain Starts a Revolution
1 SECTION B. Great Britain Starts a Revolution British get power from streams, coal Develop mass production, build factories This “O-Grab-Me” cartoon (”embargo” spelled backwards) expressed the general American disdain for the Embargo Act. C. The Industrial Revolution in the U.S. Embargo Act of 1807- Jefferson placed a tax on goods from other countries (protest British/French seizing ships and impressing sailors) War of British blockade shut down trade, shipping in or out of country was extremely difficult Encouraged investment in domestic industries Continued . . . NEXT
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D. New England Industrializes
1 SECTION D. New England Industrializes Build weaving factories in New England Lowell becomes booming manufacturing center Thousands—mostly young women—leave family farms to work in Lowell NEXT
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II. Two Economic Systems Develop
1 SECTION II. Two Economic Systems Develop A. Agriculture in the North • Farms in North smaller than South, need no slaves • Farmers raise 1 or 2 types of crops, livestock - buy other items • Slavery abolished in most of North by 1804 B. Cotton Is King in the South Eli Whitney’s cotton gin allows farmers to grow more cotton Great demand for cotton in Britain, growing demand in North Plantation system established Continued . . . NEXT
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C. Slavery Becomes Entrenched
1 SECTION C. Slavery Becomes Entrenched By 1820s, demand for slaves increases Increase in cotton production parallels increase in slave population NEXT
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III. Clay Proposes the American System
1 SECTION Henry Clay's political platform, called the American System, is graphically represented in this painting by Ambrose Andrews. III. Clay Proposes the American System Uniting the Nation’s Economic Interests • Develop transportation systems; make internal improvements - establish protective tariff - revive national bank • Henry Clay promotes plan as the American System: - national currency, transportation facilitate trade - all regions sustain the others making U.S. economically independent - the North (manufactured goods) South/West (grain, meat, cotton) Continued . . . NEXT
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Internal Improvements
1 SECTION B. Erie Canal and Other Internal Improvements Many states build turnpikes Federal govt funds highways to connect regions - National Road Erie Canal links Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes Canal-building boom NEXT
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C. Tariffs and the National Bank
1 SECTION C. Tariffs and the National Bank • Tariff of 1816—on imports - increases cost of foreign goods - people more likely to buy American goods - helps pay for improvements • South, West resent higher prices • Most agree national bank/currency benefit all • Second Bank of the United States re-chartered • James Monroe elected president (1816), begins “Era of Good Feelings” NEXT
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