1. Topic 7

3. What happened to “The War to End all Wars?
World War I:
What happened to “The War to End all Wars?
Treaty of Versailles
Only 3 countries had real say in important decisions
USA, Great Britain, France
Germany & Russia not even invited
War left people w/ anger, frustration, desire for revenge

4. How is this different from a dictator?
Totalitarianism
Single party/leader controls everything
Totalitarian regimes blamed on destruction/bitterness of WWI
How is this different from a dictator?

5. Political Systems In groups of 3-4: Create a Venn Diagram comparing:
Read through the Political Systems assignment on Pearson
Create a Venn Diagram comparing:
Monarchy, Democracy, Authoritarian gov’t
Monarchy
M&A
M & D
All 3
Democracy
Authoritarian
D & A

7. Ended WWI on winning side… didn’t get the land they were promised
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Ended WWI on winning side… didn’t get the land they were promised
Fascist Party
Right-wing
Promised to make Italy great again
Loyalty to the State
14 kids

8. Fascism Mussolini built the first totalitarian state
All forms of Fascism:
Extreme nationalism
Action, violence, discipline
Blind loyalty to state
Aggressive foreign expansion
“Survival of the fittest
No individual freedom… why did it appeal to many Italians?

9. Britain, France, & USA applauded him at first
Fascism
Mussolini built the first totalitarian state
All forms of Fascism:
Extreme nationalism
Action, violence, discipline
Blind loyalty to state
Aggressive foreign expansion
“Survival of the fittest
No individual freedom… why did it appeal to many Italians?
Promised strong, stable government
Mussolini projected power & confidence
Inspired national pride
Britain, France, & USA applauded him at first

11. Adolf Hitler Germany Democratic Weimar Republic was weak
Anger over Treaty of Vers.
Nazi party
(National Socialist German Worker’s Party) … not socialists (hated them)
German ethnic solidarity
Anti-Semitic
Late 1930s, Hitler ended the depression

12. Hideki Tojo Prime minister: 1941-1944 Emperor Hirohito Japan
Depression hit Japan, back to traditional powers
Military leaders
Need more resources
NOT a totalitarian state
Extreme nationalism
(Remained a constitutional monarchy headed by an emperor… but military high command ruled as dictator)
Hideki Tojo
Prime minister:

14. Stalin
Soviet Union
Revolution of 1917
Lenin died, 1924
Stalin: suspicious, cruel, ruthless
Great Terror
Collective farms (killed about 10 million)
Purged Communist Party (ordered about 1 million deaths)
Ordered deaths of most military officers…
Stayed in power with fear & propaganda

17. Appeasement – 1930s, hope to maintain peace
Winston Churchill
Great Britain
Prime Minister 1940 to 1945 , 1951 to 1955
Appeasement – 1930s, hope to maintain peace
King George VI supported him completely

18. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
USA
( )
Appeasement
US wanted to mend fences with neighbors

19. Where would the following WWII countries have fallen on this spectrum?
USA
Great Britain
Germany
Italy
Japan
Soviet Union
Either choose one, or place it between two

20. Created Fascist Dictatorship
Spanish Civil War
1936, Francisco Franco led revolt that started a civil war
Bombing of Guernica, April 1937
1939, Franco won
Created Fascist Dictatorship

21. German Aggression Continues
“I have the right to remove millions of an inferior race that breeds like vermin.”
Worked to gain “living space”
for German’s in Eastern Europe.
1938, Hitler annexed Austria
Western Democracies let it slide…
Anschluss: union of Austria & Germany

22. Appeasement

23. Why the West Appeased Hitler
Fear of the destructive power of modern technology
Widespread pacifism following WWI
Hitler’s actions seen as a justifiable response to the harsh Treaty of Versailles
Widespread economic depression Hitler’s fascism seen as a defense against Soviet communism
Faith in diplomacy & compromise
Misreading of Hitler’s intentions
FDR/America also appeased. Condemned Japanese aggression as well but did little to stop it.

24. German Aggression Continues
Czechoslovakia
1 of 2 remaining democracies in Eastern Europe
Sudentenland
3,000,000 Germans
Hitler wanted to annex it to Germany
September1938, Munich Conference
Britain & France chose appeasement
Hitler promised he had no more plans to expand

25. Europe Plunges Toward War
March 1939, Hitler broke promise, took rest of Czechoslovakia
… Appeasement failed
W. democracies promised to protect his next target, Poland
August 1939, Nazi-Soviet Pact

26. …A week after Nazi-Soviet pact was made
WW2 Begins
…A week after Nazi-Soviet pact was made
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland
September 3, 1939
France & Britain declare war on Germany

27. Within a month, Poland ceased to exist
Invasion of Poland
Location & speed… Britain & France could do nothing to help but declare war
Within a month, Poland ceased to exist

28. Axis Advances Hitler’s Blitzkrieg= “Lightning war”
Improved tanks & airpower
Luftwaffe

29. Britain, France (eventually USA, China, Soviet Union)
Allies:
Britain, France (eventually USA, China, Soviet Union)
Axis Powers:
Germany, Italy, Japan
(several others)

30. Axis Attacks
Stalin forced Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania to host bases for Soviet military
Hitler attacked Denmark & Norway.. both fell
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg… fell like dominos
French stayed behind Maginot line

31. Invasion proof

32. Axis Attacks Experts were wrong.
In May 1940, Germans surprised British & French by attacking through Ardennes Forest in Belgium
Bypassed Maginot Line

33. Italy declared war & attacked from the south
June 22, 1940 France surrenders
Germany occupied N. France, set up “puppet” state” in the South with the capital at Vichy
Britain now fighting alone
Took 35 days

34. Hitler plans Operation Sea Lion – invasion of Britain
Daily airstrikes to prepare, August 1940
Britain’s Royal Air Force fights back
Switch to bombing London & major cities

35. “The Blitz” September 7, 1940 started bombing London
57 nights in a row
Sporadically until May, 1941
Regardless, London did not break
Made people more determined
Operation Sea-Lion failed

36. Should the US join the war?
American Reaction
Churchill referred to US
Fight against Hitler was more than a European struggle
Threatened freedoms of all democratic nations
Should the US join the war?

37. American Reaction is Divided
FDR: American neutrality/anti-Nazi
Neutrality Act of 1939
Cash-and-carry
Need to pay cash, carry on your own ship
British navy controlled the seas…

38. Isolationists v. Interventionists
Britain was fighting for free countries everywhere
Isolationists:
Giving aid to Allies would force us into war
America first
Charles Lindbergh
Leading isolationist voice
Real threat was Soviet Union & Japan

39. America Moves Closer to War
Tripartite Pact
After fall of France
Germany, Italy, Japan
Congress passed Selective Service Act
Peacetime draft
Training, 1.2 million troops
Lend-Lease Act
March 1941
Numbered 1776…
Economic declaration of war
Axis Powers
“sell, transfer, title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government any defense article” whenever “necessary in the interests of the defense of the US”
$40 billion

40. ISOLASTIONIST V. INTERVENTIONIST WRITING
On a sheet of paper, or a google doc (share with answer the following question:
Should the US have entered WWII before the bombing of Pearl Harbor?
You need to answer the question twice, once as an isolationist, and once as an interventionist.
Each response must be at least 100 words.
Use the isolationist/interventionist chart you filled out to help you.