1. THEMATIC SLIDES

2. Daylight Map of the World
People and Planet
Daylight Map of the World

3. People and Planet
The developed world is 75% urban and the rate is accelerating in the developing world; By 2030 urban population is expected to rise to five billion or 60% of the world’s population
Primary energy consumption increased globally by 4.3% in 2004
As much as 60% of the global population depends on the waters of international fresh water systems - rivers and lakes of which basins are shared by more than two countries
There are now over protected areas worldwide; this amounts to 15% of the total territorial surface of the Earth, including all land area and territorial sea area up to the 12 nautical miles limit
Invasive species disrupt ecosystems primarily by preying on local species and competing with native species over limited resources; 42% of the species on the Threatened or Endangered species lists are at risk primarily because of non-indigenous species.
35% of mangroves have been lost in the last two decades; 20% of known coral reefs have been destroyed and another 20% degraded in the last several decades
U.N. Population Division report World Urbanization Prospects: 2003 Revision; BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2005; GEO Year Book 2006; WRI 2005

4. Introduction: A Story of Change
Human influences on the planet
Population
World Energy Consumption
Water Pollution
Biodiversity
Invasive Species
Protected Areas
Air Pollution in Copsa Mica and the Black Triangle

5. Our growing population
Population Change from

6. Impact of civil wars on population of Parrot’s Beak, Guinea
These images show the impact of Civil Wars in Liberia on neighboring Guinea
1974: Image of the Parrot’s Beak region in Guinea
2002: The light green color is the result of deforestation in the “safe area” where refugees set up camp

7. Population growth around Lake Victoria Uganda
Note: Figures for 2010 and 2015 are estimates.

8. Lake Victoria vs. African population growth
Note: Figures for 2010 and 2015 are estimates.

9. Population explosion around buffer zone Africa
Population growth around a 100 km buffer zone of Lake Victoria
Population growth around Lake Victoria, East Africa, is the highest in Africa
Population growth around Lake Victoria, Kenya, is significantly higher than in the rest
of Africa because of the wealth of natural resources and economic benefits the lake region offers. Note the increase in population in a 100-km (62 miles) buffer zone around Lake Victoria between 1960 and During each decade, population growth within this zone outpaced the continental average.

10. World energy consumption pattern
World Energy Consumption between
World Primary Energy Consumption since 1970, projected to 2025

11. Oil extraction in Fort McMurray, Canada
Vast reserves of low quality oil underlie the Boreal Forest surrounding Fort McMurray
By early 2006 the mining operation covered an area roughly 30 km by 20 km
Vast reserves of low quality oil underlie the Boreal Forest surrounding Fort McMurray in northern Alberta, Canada in the form of “oil sands.” The oil held in these reserves raises
Canada to second place on the list of oil rich countries, behind only Saudi Arabia in total reserves. Rapid urbanization, one of the many causes of increased oil consumption, is driving up the oil prices, thus creating an oil boom in northern Alberta. Local people including the Native American population are concerned that exploitation will come at too great a cost to the environment. In 2001 oil extracted from oil sands (271 million barrels) exceeded oil extracted by conventional means (264 million barrels) for the first time. In 1967 The Great Canadian Oil Sands Company began construction at its Mildred Lake site. In 1974 they were joined by the Syncrude Corporation which began construction of a mine in the same area. By early 2006 the mining operations had expanded to cover an area roughly 30 km by 20 km. Syncrude operates a second mine, the Aurora, approximately 30 km to the north of Mildred Lake.

12. Power outage in North America
On 14 August 2003, parts of northeastern United States and southeastern Canada experienced widespread power blackouts

13. Biodiversity Targets Reverse loss of biodiversity by 2010 (WSSD, 2002)
Reverse loss of forest cover by 2015 (UNFF, 2005)

14. Protected Areas of Kumaon region, India
Study Area: Kumaon Himalaya
E. Kameng
Sonitpur
W. Kameng
Papum Pare
Darrang
India
North-East India
Study Area
Habitat evaluation of Sambar and Muntjak in Ranikhet forests in Sonitpur, India

15. Increasing disturbances results in decreasing habitat, India
Habitat loss ( )
Habitat loss ( )
Habitat loss ( ) a b c
Because of increasing disturbances, the wildlife habitats in Kumaon region are shrinking

16. Shrinking habitat in Kumaon, India
Moist Deciduous
Moist Deciduous (Degraded)
Evergreen
Semi-Evergreen
Evergreen (Degraded)
Semi-Evergreen (Degraded)
Grassland
Non-Forest
Sonai-Rupai RF
Charduar
Nowduar
Balipara
Nameri NP
Biswanath
Behali
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
ASSAM
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Evergreen
Semi-Evergreen
Moist Deciduous
Degraded Forest
Grassland
No. of Families
No. of Genera
No. of Species
S.-W. Index (*10)
Habitat types
Species attributes

17. Invasive species attacking Lake Victoria Africa
These images show water hyacinth infestation and control of such invasive species
1995: Image shows several water-hyacinth-choked bays (yellow arrows)
Shared by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world. The infestation of Lake Victoria by water hyacinth in the 1990s disrupted transportation and fishing, clogged water intake pipes for municipal water, and created habitat for disease-causing mosquitoes and other insects. This led to the initiation of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project in The focus of the Project was to combat hyacinth infestations on the lake, particularly the region bordered by Uganda, which was one of the most severely affected areas. The 1995 image shows several water-hyacinth-choked bays: Murchison Bay near Gaba; large parts of Gobero and Wazimenya Bays; an area outside Buka Bay; and near Kibanga Port (yellow arrows). Initially, water hyacinth was controlled by hand, with the plants being manually removed from the lake. But re-growth quickly occurred. A more recent control measure has been the careful introduction of natural insect predators of water hyacinth. As the 2001 image shows, this approach seems to have been successful, as the floating weeds have disappeared from all the locations noted above.
2001: A visible reduction of water hyacinth on Lake Victoria

18. Water pollution due to copper mine, Papua New Guinea
Discharge of waste and pollution into River
: Impact of mining on river systems
The controversial Ok Tedi copper mine is located at the headwaters of the Ok Tedi River, a tributary of the Fly River, in extremely rough terrain in the rainforest-covered Star Mountains of Papua New Guinea’s western province. Prior to the opening of the mine in 1984, this area was very isolated, sparsely inhabited, and ecologically pristine. This pair of satellite images reveals the tremendous environmental impact the mine has had in 20 years. The uncontrolled discharge of 70 million tonnes of waste rock and mine tailings annually has spread more than km (621 miles) down the Ok Tedi and Fly rivers, raising river beds and causing flooding, sediment deposition, forest damage, and a serious decline in the area’s biodiversity. In the 1990 image, both the mine and the township of Tabubil— developed east of the river in support of the mine—are clearly visible. Lighter patches of green show disturbance of the original forest cover from subsistence agriculture, road clearing, and other infrastructure development.

19. Biodiversity in ecosystems and species in Mount Kenya, Kenya
These images show high diversity in ecosystems and species
2000: The entire forest belt of Mount Kenya was gazetted as National Reserve
Mount Kenya is located on the equator 180 kilometres north of Nairobi. It is a solitary mountain of volcanic origin with the base diameter of about 120 km (75 miles). Its broad cone shape reaches an altitude of m ( ft) with deeply incised U-shaped valleys in the upper parts. Forest vegetation covers the major part of the mountain, with a total area around hectares ( acres). The forests are critical and invaluable national assets that must be protected. The wide range in altitude clines—from to m (3 900 to ft)—and rainfall clines from—from 900 mm/year (35 in/year) in the north to mm/year (91 in/year) in the south eastern slopes—contributes to the highly diverse mosaic patterns of Mount Kenya forests. Mount Kenya adds value to the nation by providing tourism potential and local cultural and economic benefits. It also provides important environmental services to the nation such as a water catchment area of the Tana River where 50 per cent of Kenya’s total electricity output is generated. Following a 1999 aerial survey, the entire forest belt of Mount Kenya was gazetted as National Reserve and placed under the management of Kenya Wildlife Services in the year In 2002, a study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the new management practices put in place in The study revealed significant improvement in the state of conservation of the forests.
2002: The image shows significant improvement in the state of conservation of forests

20. Copşa Micâ – Environmental disaster area Romania
The area is classified as “environmental disaster area”
In 1989, the area was exposed as one of the most polluted places
Copşa Micâ is a large industrial city located in the very center of Romania and is classified as an “environmental disaster area.” The environmentally damaged area covers hundreds of square kilometres of land. The main industries in Copşa Micâ are non-ferrous metalworking and chemical processing plants, and their effect on the environment has been devastating. Air pollution by heavy metals is 600 times the allowed levels. To make matters worse, a lead-smelting facility emitted fumes containing sulfur dioxide, lead, cadmium, and zinc on the town and surrounding area for 50 km2 (19 square miles). The entire town and much of the surrounding area were covered with a blanket of black soot daily until the facilities were forced to close in In 1989 Copşa Micâ was exposed as one of the most polluted places in Europe. It has the highest infant mortality rate in Europe, 30.2 per cent of children suffer reduced “lung function” and 10 per cent of the total population of suffer “neurobehavioral problems.” The soil and the local food chain probably will remain contaminated for at least another three decades.

21. Air-borne pollutants being trapped in Black Triangle, Czech Republic
1975: The gray areas are surface mines located primarily in the Czech Republic
2000: The image reveals somewhat improved vegetation cover
The so-called Black Triangle is an area bordered by Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic and is the site of extensive surface coal mining operations. In the 1975 satellite image above, the gray areas are surface mines located primarily in the Czech Republic. Air-borne pollutants from coal extraction activities tended to become trapped by the mountainous terrain to the northeast and were concentrated in the area around the mines, eventually causing severe deforestation along the border between the Czech Republic and Germany. In the 2000 image, this deforestation is very obvious, appearing as large brownish patches. Interestingly, the 2000 image also reveals somewhat improved vegetation cover—a slight “greening” of the landscape—as compared to conditions in Some of this improvement may be attributable to actions taken by the three countries bordering the Black Triangle to reduce pollutants produced by the mining operations. The implementation of anti-pollution technologies, including circulating fluidized-bed boilers, clean coal technology, and nitrous oxide emission burners, appears to have reversed some, albeit not all, of the environmental damage experienced by the region as a result of the mines.

22. Thank You! Human influences on the planet
One Planet Many People: Atlas of Our Changing Environment
Thank You!
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