1. Unit 5 Notes: Small Intestine Details!

3. (1) Regions Duodenum: (First Chamber) Approximately 10in long
Jejunum: (Middle Section)
Approximately 7-8ft long
Ileum: (Last Section)
Approximately 12ft long

5. (2) Inside the Duodenum Secretes Bile, Pancreatic Juice & Bicarbonate:
Bile = Yellow-green solution produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder.
Pancreatic Juice = Solution produced by the pancreas, stored in the pancreas.
Bicarbonate = pH balancing compound found in the blood.
Metabolize all remaining proteins and lipids.

6. (3) About Bile… Produced by liver, Stored by Gallbladder Contains:
Bile Salts
Waste Pigments (bilirubin)
Cholesterol & Phospholipids
Function: Emulsify lipids so that they are dispersed throughout water, and can be easily absorbed.

8. (4) About Pancreatic Juice…
Produced by pancreas
Contains:
Carboxypeptidase (Protein Enzyme)
Chymotrypsin (Protein Enzyme)
Amylase (Carbohydrate Enzyme)
Lipases (Lipid Enzymes)
Nucleases (Nucleic Acid Enzymes)
Function: Metabolize all remaining biomolecules.

9. (5) Releasing Bile & Pancreatic Juice
Lipids & Proteins  Release of CCK (cholecystokinin) into bloodstream
CCK stimulates release of bile + pancreatic juice Out Sphincter of Oddi

11. (6) About Bicarbonate… HCO3
Used to maintain pH balance within cells (and water systems).
Neutralizes acidity of chyme coming from stomach
Secreted from Brunner’s Glands along Duodenum Walls.

12. (7) In The Jejunum & Ileum
Smooth Muscle with millions of microvilli:
Microvilli Absorb Nutrients
Nutrients directly deposited in blood stream
Folds in between are called “Crypts of Lieberkuhn”
Crypts of Lieberkuhn:
Secrete Lysozymes to eliminate any foreign bacterial cells
Secrete Muccin to lubricate and dissolve remaining food stuff

16. (8) Large Intestine Regions
Cecum = 1st Chamber
Ascending Colon = Upwards
Transverse Colon = Across
Descending Colon = Downwards
Rectum & Anus

18. (9) That Appendix Sits beneath cecum
Often collects waste and bacteria  Appendicitis
Functions:
Produces white blood cells and antibodies for immunity.
Used to serve a role in cellulose digestion.

20. (10) Passing Through the Colon…
Waste slowly moves through Large Intestine.
Total Length = 1.5-2m long
Water reabsorbed through microvilli.
Result = Solidified waste mass (Feces)

22. (11) The Rectum & Anus Rectum = Inside part
Anus = Outside part = Butthole
Mechanism:
Remaining waste drops first into rectum
Lands on top of Involuntary Sphincter
Opens w/pressure
Lands on top of Voluntary Sphincter
Made of Skeletal Muscle that you control