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Macromolecule Notes Atom C Carbon Molecule C6H12O6 Glucose

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Presentation on theme: "Macromolecule Notes Atom C Carbon Molecule C6H12O6 Glucose"— Presentation transcript:

1 Macromolecule Notes Atom C Carbon Molecule C6H12O6 Glucose
Big molecule Polymer made up of many subunits (monomers) stuck together

2 ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES:
LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS BIG

3 Inorganic vs. Organic Organic Compounds: contain carbon
Inorganic Compounds: don’t have carbon Examples: water

4 All of these macromolecules are
Made of Carbon usually 100s or 1000s of C’s They are formed by connecting smaller molecules (monomers) together to form larger chains (polymers)

5 LIPIDS Fats Oils Waxes Steroids Phospholipids

6 Lipids

7 LIPIDS Very different properties than water (insoluble in water)
Fatty acid chains LIPIDS glycerol Very different properties than water (insoluble in water) Monomer = glycerol + fatty acids Used for energy storage Insulation Protective coatings in all cell membranes around cells Chemical messengers (lipid hormones)

8 Fatty acid chains LIPIDS glycerol Monomer: glycerol + fatty acid chain

9 LIPIDS: Saturated or Unsaturated Fat

10 UNSATURATED FAT Olive oil, avocado, nuts Liquid at room temperature
Not saturated with H’s/ has double bonds Better for you!

11 SATURATED FAT Animal fat, butter Solid at room temperature
Saturated (covered with H’s/ has all single bonds) Worse for you

12 Is this fat saturated or unsaturated?

13 Lipids Lab Does that food contain lipids?
Lipid Test Get a paper towel & title it lipids lab Write the name of the foods that you are going to test on the paper towel Rub the food below the written name Allow to dry Hold up to light: transparent = contains lipids Write which foods contain lipids

14 At the bottom of today’s notes, write a summary and underli--
At the bottom of today’s notes, write a summary and underli--**.ne these words Monomer Polymer Inorganic Organic Lipid Saturated fat Unsaturated fat Glycerol Fatty acid Then explain what your discovered in today’s lipid lab

15 Ch 6 vocab part 3 (6.3) Monomer Polymer Lipid Saturated Fat
Unsaturated Fat Nonpolar Glycerol Fatty Acid

16 Carbohydrates Sugars, starches, cellulose

17 Provide shape/structure to plants
CARBOHYDRATES energy Provide shape/structure to plants Monomer: monosaccharide (like glucose)

18 MONOSACCHARIDES (Simple Sugars)
Glucose Fructose

19 DISACCHARIDES (Simple Sugars)
Sucrose

20 DISACCHARIDES (Simple Sugars)
SUCROSE = Fructose + Glucose

21 POLYSACCHARIDES (complex carbohydrates)

22 POLYSACCHARIDES (complex carbohydrates)
Starches (pasta, bread, potatoes) glycogen (stored carbohydrates in muscle & liver) Cellulose (fiber in celery & plants) All of these are made from lots of glucose units

23 Review questions True or False: Sugars are covalently bonded polar molecules Small organic molecules that are linked together make up a __________. True or False: A disaccharide is a type of lipid. True or False: The simplest carbohydrates are polysaccharides.

24 Tonight’s Vocab HW (not all words are bolded in the book)
Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide define the following as a mono-, di-, or poly- saccharide: Glucose Sucrose Starch fructose Word Definition Picture

25 Carbohydrate Lab conclusion:
Test results revealed that honey was a _____saccharide oats were a _____saccharide apple juice was a _____saccharide powdered sugar was a _____saccharide Gatorade a _____saccharide

26 Lab conclusion: Test results revealed that honey was a monosaccharide oats were a polysaccharide apple juice was a monosaccharide (fructose) and polysaccharide (cellulose) powdered sugar was a disaccharide (sucrose) and polysaccharide (starch)—just a little Gatorade a monosaccharide (glucose and fructose) and disaccharide (sucrose)

27 Lab Quiz Only write your answer.
Is it a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide: Glucose C6H12O6 Starch What does it mean if Benedicts test changes colors (turns from blue to orange)? What does it mean if iodine test changes colors (turns from yellow to blue/black/purple)? A solution has NO color change in Benedict’s or iodine test. What can you conclude? Monosaccharides, disaccharides, & polysaccharides are examples of ________________

28 PROTEINS (are made from: C,H,O,N,S)
USES: Carries out various functions in our body such as: Movement Structure Regulation Appearance Transport Nutrition Defense And more….

29 Protein Used for Pigments (like melanin) Control color of skin
Actin/Myosin in muscle MOVEMENT Collagen—in bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage STRUCTURE Enzymes control chemical reactions REGULATION Pigments (like melanin) Control color of skin APPEARANCE

30 Protein Used for Hemoglobin TRANSPORT of oxygen Casein in milk
Stores amino acids (NUTRITION) Antibodies in the immune system DEFENSE against pathogens (bad things)

31 Protein Used for Hemoglobin………TRANSPORT

32 Building blocks of proteins= amino acids
monomer = amino acid polymer = protein 2 amino acids join with a peptide bond There are only 20 amino acids The # and order of amino acids determine which protein will form

33 Tricks we have learned so far….
examples meaning “homo” or “homeo” “hetero” “auto” “Mono” or “uni” “Di” or “bi” “Poly” or “multi” Carbohydrates often end in “-ose”

34 Enzymes (a type of protein)
Blanks: Active site Substrate Enzyme Speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy “-ase” example: lactase, helicase, protease

35 Nucleic Acids Store genetic information in the form of a code
Information for making proteins Made up of Nucleotides: Monomer= nucleotide Polymer = nucleic acid DNA= code to form proteins. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid RNA helps form proteins Ribose Nucleic Acid

36 Macro-molecule/ Polymer Monomer Examples of foods Examples in your body Uses/ Functions Lipid Glycerol + Fatty Acid Saturated fat, junk food, unsaturated fat, avocados, butter, almonds, nuts Oils, waxes, cholesterol, hormones, phospholipids Energy, insulation (heat), protective coating of cell Carbo-hydrate Monosaccharide (glucose or fructose) Bread, sugar, oats, honey, potato, starch, cellulose, sucrose, lactose, fructose Glucose glycogen Energy, shape/structure of plants Protein Amino acids Chicken, ribs, nuts, egg, beans, milk Pigments Antibodies Hemoglobin Enzymes Collagen Actin/myosin in muscles Movement/muscles, appearance, growth, structure, nutrition, energy, defense Nucleic Acid Nucelotides Any food from a living thing that is not processed DNA, RNA Genetic information, Instructions/codes to form proteins

37 Does that food contain protein?
Biuret’s Test Set up a control group and an experimental group in test tubes, each with 2 mL fluid Control: water Experimental: protein Put 8 drops biuret’s into each (wear goggles) Observe color change If the experimental does not change color, then warm it for 10 seconds in a WARM (not hot) water bath and check again.

38 Ch. 6 Vocab Part 5 (6.3) Protein Amino Acid Hemoglobin Antibodies
Enzyme Substrate Active site Actin & Myosin Peptide Bonds Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA RNA

39 ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES:
LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS BIG

40 LIPIDS Fats Oils Waxes Steroids Phospholipids

41 Macromolecule/ Polymer Monomer Examples Uses/ Functions Lipid Glycerol + Fatty Acid Saturated fat, oil, waxes, junk food, unsaturated fat, avocados, steroids (hormones), butter, almonds, phospholipds, nuts Energy, insulation (heat), protective coating of cell Carbohydrate Monosaccharide (glucose or fructose) Bread, sugar, oats, honey, beans, potato, starch, cellulose, glycogen, sucrose, lactose, fructose Shape/structure of cell wall, energy Protein Amino acids Chicken, ribs, nuts, egg, beans, milk, pigments, antibodies (immune system), hemoglobin, enzymes, collagen (bones), actin/mysoin in muscles Movement/muscles, appearance, growth, structure, nutrition, energy, defense Nucleic Acid Nucelotides DNA, RNA Instructions/codes to form proteins, genetic information

42 Macromolecule/ Polymer Monomer Examples Uses/ Functions Lipid Glycerol + Fatty Acid Fats, oils, waxes, some hormones (steroids), phospholipids, saturated fats, unsaturated fats Energy, insulation, protective coating, chemical messengers Carbohydrate Monosaccharides (glucose or fructose) Starch (bread), monosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar, glucose, fructose, sucrose, glycogen, cellulose Energy, shape/structure of organism (plant cell wall) Protein Amino acids Hemoglobin, milk, meat, enzymes, antibodies, collagen (bones), melanin (pigement), muscles (actin & myosin) Appearance, movement, structure, bodily functions, defense Nucleic Acid Nucleotides DNA, RNA Genetic information, Instructions for building proteins

43 Break apart polymers by Hydrolysis Reaction
To break apart polymers, water is broken and an OH is added to one end and a H to the other end.

44 Connect monomers by Condensation Reaction
To connect monomers, water is released because a H from one end comes off and an OH from another end comes off.

45 More Condensation reactions to make macromolecules


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