1. Absolute Zero
Physics

2. °C

3. Really cold. All atoms stop moving
Really cold. All atoms stop moving. Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy. If temperature is 0 then there can be no molecular/ atomic movement and no heat exchange. If we don’t have movement, then we can’t have gases or liquids. Could we have life in absolute 0? Can we have matter in absolute 0?
How cold is it?

4. Why do we care?
First of all..it is a challenge. Never been done before. secondly…the rules of physics would no longer apply. It would be like observing things on a foreign planet/universe. Can it happen? Depends on who you ask. Some say yes and some say no. Reaching absolute zero breaks many scientific laws (thermodynamics, heisenberg uncertainty etc…)

5. Superconductors!
Superconductors. No resistance to conducting electricity. “perfect conductors” discovered when trying to achieve absolute 0. Picture of a magnet above a superconductor that is cooled with liquid nitrogen. Produce a magnetic field that is felt by the magnet. Uses: MRI and NMR. Used in special microscopes called SQUID scanning microscopes. If they can be made to be used at room temperature they will change electronics forever.

6. Point out Brain: cerebellum, spinal cord, corpus calosum, sinuses
Point out Brain: cerebellum, spinal cord, corpus calosum, sinuses. Tell story of tumor. Knee: Femur, tib and fib, knee cap, Ligament that has knee cap in it…to your quads, calf muscle (gastrocnemius), point out ligament of gastroc. Common injuries seen with MRI.

7. Bose-Einstein Condensates
CU 1995 – Within one billionth of a degree of absolute zero. ( ) Formed something called a bose-einstein condensate. It was when all the atoms started to move very slowly in synchrony…like a wave. They used lasers to do this. It is very small amount of a substance… 1/10 of a mm across. In 2003 scientists at MIT got within of absolute 0. They trap and stop light (no movement). (that is why it is bright)

8. Good old Einstein…he said that time is relative to light
Good old Einstein…he said that time is relative to light. Theory of Relativity. Tell story of twins. How does this relate to absolute 0? What is light made of ….partilces that form waves. Can those particles move at absolute 0? If light can’t travel, what happens to time? What some say…yes time would stop. Most say…no it would not. Why? No…they say that at aboslue zero atoms are not moving, but protons, neutrons, and electrons still are.
0 Kelvin and Time

9. Is there absolute hot?
Called the Planck Temperature. Sun is 10^7…absolute hot is about 10^32 accoding to some (others think it is 10^50). After these temps, like abs 0 the laws of physics tend to break down and they don’t apply anymore. Like 0…never been reached. Gravity breaks down b/c things are so hot they have so much energy that they escape the force. The subatomic forces break down. In other words, bad things happen.