1. Chap 11 Day 3 Mediterranean Phase (Rome)

2. Family and Society (PERSIAN?)
Paterfamilias: “father of the family”
Right to arrange marriages, sell children into slavery
Women not allowed to inherit property
Enforcement inconsistent

3. Wealth and Social Change
Newly rich challenge aristocracy
Yet poor class increasing in size
Distraction: “bread and circuses” (panem et circenses)
Explain or paraphrase Juvenal’s quote- WRITE

4. Slavery
Second century C.E.: estimated at one-third of empire’s population
Customary manumission at age 30
Agricultural work, quarries, mines
Chain labor
Revolt under Spartacus, 73 B.C.E.

5. Roman Deities
Polytheistic
Major gods
Tutelary deities
Absorption of gods from other cultures
Mithraism
From Zoroastrian myth: god of sun, light
Roman version emphasizes strength, courage, discipline
Women not admitted into cult
Appealed to military
Cult of Isis also popular

6. Cicero and Stoicism
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( B.C.E.)
Major orator, writer
Influenced by Greek thought
Proponent of Stoicism

7. Judaism in Early Rome
Jewish monotheism at odds with most ancient cultures
Refusal to recognize state gods
Repeated Jewish rebellions
Romans finally crush Jewish self-governance in Jewish War (66-70 C.E.)

8. The Essenes
Messianic Jewish cult
Baptism
Ascetic lifestyle
Dead Sea scrolls
Jesus of Nazareth
Jewish teacher
Moral code, reputation for miracle-working
Romans fear instigation of rebellion, crucify Jesus

9. Jesus’ Early Followers
Belief in Jesus’ resurrection, divine nature
Title Christ: “anointed one”
Teachings recorded in New Testament
Paul of Tarsus
Extends teachings far beyond Jewish circles
Traveled widely throughout the Roman empire
Missionary activity

10. Early Christian Communities Local leaders: bishops
Regional variation in doctrine and ritual
Nature of resurrection
Role of women
Gradual acceptance of core texts
Growth of Early Christianity
Roman persecution
Yet dramatic expansion of Christianity
Especially with dispossessed, disenfranchised classes
Urban poor and Women

11. Summary
PAIR/SHARE:
How did early religions develop in Rome? How did they attract followers?