1. Tolerance & Succession
What lives where & why

2. Community:
All orgainsims that live in an area
Ecosystem:
community + Abiotic
Habitat:
where an organism lives
Niche:
role an organism plays in community interactions & effect on abiotic envir.

3. Limiting Factors
factors that restrict the numbers or distribution of organisms
Plant limiting factors:
P & N water
sunlight temperature
Soil (type, amount, pH, salinity)
Herbivores

4. Animal Limiting Factors
Food (determined by plants)
Temperature
Water
Shelter/nest sites
Other animals, predators/parasites

5. Biome Type Determined by:
Temperature & Water & Soil type
Temp, H2O & Soil determine plants types
Type of plants sets up food chain & shelter so…..
determines types of animals

6. Temp & Water based on… 1) Latitude: 2) Altitude:
Farther from equator = colder
Weather patterns based on latitude determine precipitation
2) Altitude:
Higher up = colder
Windward side = lots of rain
Leeward side = rain shadow

9. Rain shadow
Windward side

10. Biomes of Rocky Mountains

11. Wetlands Reduce flooding Filter sediment out of water
Filter toxins out of water
Provide nurseries for fish & shellfish
Provide homes for many species
High species diversity

12. More Terms: Biodiversity: # different species of organism
more diversity = more stable system
Dominant Species:
Species with the most biomass
Greatly affect other species
Keystone Species:
removal has major effects

13. Keystone Species?

14. Invasive Species Non-native species invade an ecosystem
Also called exotic species
May have no predators in new ecosystem
Represent a dead-end in the food chain
Out-compete native organisms decreasing
species diversity

15. Michigan Invasive Species
Spotted knapweed Sea lamprey
Phragmities Spiny water flea
Honeysuckle Zebra mussel
Purple Loosestrife Emerald Ash borer
Buckthorn
Russian Olive

16. Where it came from
How it got here
What problems it causes in ecosystem
How we can control it

17. Biological Control
Use one organism to control the population of another organism.
Protists: microsporidia to control insects
Fungi:
Bacteria:
Insects:

18. Pioneer & Climax Communities
Pioneer = first organisms to move in
New area
Disturbed area (after fire, plowing)
Climax = last community to move in
community stays same for long time
very little change
highest species diversity