1. Unit 5 Weather, Erosion & Deposition
Weathering notes
What is weathering? How does it effect objects?

2. This unit you will learn
What is and what are the factors of weathering.
What is and what are the factors of erosion.
What is and what are the factors of deposition.
Types of weathering, erosion & deposition.

3. Much of this unit is review?!
So, let’s try to use this unit to get your grade up before the last few units of the year.

4. Definitions for the day
Weathering
Chemical weathering
Physical weathering
Surface area
Abrasion
Frost action
Root Pry
Oxidation

5. Weathering The process of breaking down material.
Occurs naturally when exposed to the elements (like wind, water, plants and animals)

6. Exposure Exposure to: How does this affect weathering Wind
Rain, Sleet, Snow
Biologic activity
How does this affect weathering

7. Weathering rates? Depends on how hard or resistant the material is
Surface area- the amount of area available to be weathered.
If we increase the surface area what will happen to the amount of potential weathered area?

8. Let’s try?! SA=L x W x # of sides 4 cm * 4 cm * 6 sides SA= 96 sq cm
L-Length
W-Width
4 cm * 4 cm * 6 sides
SA= 96 sq cm
ONLY WORKS FOR A CUBE
4 cm
4 cm
4 cm

9. You try
SA=____x___x____
SA=2 * 2 * 6
SA= 24 sq cm
2 cm

10. Now what? What if we cut the cube in half? OLD SA= 24 sq cm
NEW SA= ???
SA= 1 * 1 * 48 sides
SA= 48 sq cm
INCREASE SA = Decrease in size!!
1 cm

11. Physical Weathering
Changing the shape and or size of an object without changing the chemical make up.
Types
Frost action
Water seeps into cracks and freezes pushing open crack as it expands.
Abrasion
When two objects collide
Exfoliation

12. Chemical Weathering Changing the chemical makeup of a material. Types
Oxidation
Hydration
Carbonation

13. Take note
Chemical – End does not equal the same thing as the beginning!
Physical- End same as beginning!
So, if something has undergone physical weathering then the ending object is the same chemically as the beginning. If an object has been chemically weathered then the end object is different from the beginning object.

14. You try! A rock hitting another rock? C or P A pot hole? C or P
A rock with a red coloring? C or P
A bonfire? C or P
A tree with roots in the bed rock? C or P
Hitting a hammer on a rock? C or P
Putting a tooth in a cup of Pepsi? C or P P P C C P P C

16. What happens after things are broken down?
Erosion
What happens after things are broken down?

17. Weathering Vs Erosion Weathering Erosion
Breaking down of rocks and other particles into smaller pieces
Erosion
Transport of the weathered particles.
TALUS:
Pile of sediment at bottom of slope

18. Agents of Erosion
Gravity
Water
Wind
Ice

19. Water Water when driven by gravity down slope.
Think of the drainage ditch after it rains – does the water flow fast? Is it clean?

20. Wind 3 things to know. Suspension – Stuff in the air
Saltation – Bouncing
Creep – Rolling on the ground
Dust bowl, Causes???

21. Ice Glaciers move ice down a slope picking up sediments along the way.
Long Island is simply glacial Poop!

22. Gravity
Gravity drives all erosion, but one form more important to know is mass movements.
When the soil fails and falls or slides down a slope it is called a mass movement.
Angle Of Repose
Angle where material
stays on surface!

23. Mass movements Slump Slide Fall- avalanche Flow
This is when the land slides down equally.
Slide
This is when the land slides down not equally.
Fall- avalanche
The land falls
Flow
The land is liquefied and flows down.

24. What happens to sediment that is eroded?
Deposition
What happens to sediment that is eroded?

25. Deposition This is like going to the bank geologically.
Weathering breaks the rocks up
Erosion moves the particles.
Deposition leaves the particles on the ground.

26. Factors Particle Size Shape Density Settling rates
How big the sediments are.
Shape
Round or flat
Density
Weight and composition
Settling rates
How fast things settle

27. Sorting Vs Unsorted Separating sediment by size ESRT page How to find
sediment size.
Speed.

28. Ways to deposit Glaciers Streams (Water) Wind Mass movements (gravity)
Sorted or Unsorted
Streams (Water)
Wind
Mass movements (gravity)

29. Wind Wind carries sediment and other particles
Size of particle depends on velocity (Speed).
Faster the wind blows the larger the particles

30. Sandblasting Sediment is sorted when deposited
Best seen in dry regions such as deserts, but can be seen anywhere.

31. Types of Wind Erosion Deflation Sandblasting
Sediment that is moving from the ground
Sandblasting
Moving other sediment from other rocks be the continuous pelting of sand or silt.

32. Sand Blasting from space

33. 3 types of movement Saltation Suspension Creep Bouncing on ground
Sediments in water not just floating
Creep
Rolling
on ground

36. Vocab Dune Loess Ventifact
Pile of wind or water moved sediment deposited by sorting. Usually sand…
Loess
A fine grained dune
Ventifact
A rock that has been weathered with grooves and pits.

37. Sand Dunes
These are piles of sand that has been blown and captured by an object.
Notice:
Direction of wind and slope

38. The Watershed What is a watershed?
This is the area which a stream receives its water from.

39. Stream Velocity Stream Velocity is the speed of the water.
The streams like wind can carry particles depending on their size and sort them when deposited.
Fast = large particles (boulders)
Slow = small particles (sand)

40. Moving water makes V’s V shaped valleys are created by running water.
Size of the V tells us how much water and for how long.
Big V = lots of water over a long time
Small V = Little water over short time

41. Ocean Currents How does an ocean erode? Long shore drift
Same as a stream
Long shore drift
Current made from breaking waves at an angle.

42. Glaciers
Cold as Ice

43. Glaciers What is a glacier? Where does the ice come from?
A pile of ice that is flowing down a slope.
Where does the ice come from?
Snow
Glaciers can carve out a whole state’s topography – Like New York
Like a bulldozer

44. Glacial Valleys
Glaciers make rivers and valleys that look like a U. (remember streams =V)
How?
Like a snow plow, it pushes its way through the rock like a plow through snow.
Like this
NOT this

45. How do we know? Features of a glacier U shaped valleys
Scraping marks from a glacier (Striations)
Rocks in NY that aren’t originally here.
Other topographical features
Striations
U-shaped Valley

46. Other evidence of glaciers
U-shaped valley
Finger lakes
Plunge pool
Plunge pool

47. Draw this?

48. Glacial Moraines Terminal Lateral
Piles of debris at the end of a glacier
Lateral
Pile of debris parallel to the glacier

49. More Evidence Esker a pile of sediment from a river under a glacier
Terminal moraine
Esker
Outwash plain
Lateral Moraine

50. Drumlins Drumlins are piles of rock that get formed under a glacier.
They form parallel to the flow of the glacier.

51. More Drumlins
Drumlin
Drumlin
Drumlin

52. New York State Glaciation

53. These hills are not sorted at all.
Till is the unsorted sediment deposited by a glacier (in a drumlin).

54. Lake Ontario, near Oswego, NY
Chimney Bluffs
Lake Ontario, near Oswego, NY
Drumlin that has been weathered by the Lake.

56. What does glacial erosion look like?
erratic
Glacial grooves
Random boulder from glacier
Scraping and polishing
Glacial polish
Glacial striations
Scratches from glacier

57. Evidence of APLINE glaciers
cirque
arete
Sharp peak
Bowl shape on side of MT
horn
Eroded arete

58. Continental Glacier

60. Glacial Features (LABEL)

61. Landscapes Most landscape regions can be classified as:
Mountains
Plateaus
Plains
These are different because of relief or elevation differences.

62. Mountains
These are regions of high relief (elevation change) that stand out from the surrounding landscape.

63. Plateaus These are flat areas of land that are elevated.
Tug Hill Plateau is relatively flat but not close to sea level.

64. Plains
These are flat areas of land usually low elevations.

65. ESRT pg 2