1. Forces Shaping the Earth
Glencoe McGraw-Hill
The World & Its People
Chapter 1
Looking at the Earth
Section 3
Forces Shaping the Earth

2. 1.3 Forces Shaping the Earth
Section Objectives
Describe the layers found within the Earth.
Discuss the forces that change the earth’s surface.

3. I. Inside the Earth

4. I. Inside the Earth
The inside of the earth is made up of 3 layers. The core consists of hot iron mixed with other metals & rock.

6. I. Inside the Earth
The mantle is a layer of rock surrounding the core.

8. I. Inside the Earth
When a volcano erupts, melted rock called magma flows to the earth’s surface.

9. I. Inside the Earth
The crust is the upper layer of the earth. The crust includes the ocean floors as well as the 7 land continents.

10. II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust
Plate tectonics is a theory that the earth’s crust is made up of plates. These plates can move away from, push against, or slide alongside the other.

12. II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust

13. II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust
The pressure between 2 plates may cause 1 plate to move suddenly, resulting in an earthquake. Underwater earthquakes can create huge waves called tsunamis.

17. II. Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust
2 plates moving alongside each other create cracks in the earth’s crust, or faults.

18. III. Forces Shaping Landforms

19. III. Forces Shaping Landforms
Weathering is the breaking of surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil. Water & frost, chemicals, & even plants can cause weathering.

20. III. Forces Shaping Landforms
The process of wearing away or moving the weathered material is called erosion. Erosion can be caused by water, wind, or ice. Giant sheets of ice are known as glaciers.