1. THE EXECUTIVE

2. INTRODUCTION Second branch or organ of government.
Used to designate all those officers of the government whose business is to execute.
It is the pivot around which the actual administration of the state revolves and includes all officials.

3. USE OF TERM EXECUTIVE
In narrow sense its refers only to the chief executive head of the state and his advisers and ministers.
Britain- Queen+ Her ministers with prime minister
India- President of the union+ ministers headed by the prime minister
USA- President of America+ his secretaries

4. NATURE OF THE EXECUTIVE
Real and Nominal Executive:
Head of the government and Head of the state.
Head of the state performs the ceremonial duties and area is limited.
Head of the government performs all the real dutie.
A executive And the executive.

5. Single and Plural Executive:
Absolute Monarchy and dictatorship is the true example of single executive.
Plural executive e.g. ancient Athens.
Recent example Switzerland, Russia etc.

6. Parliamentary and Presidential types of Executive
Hereditary and Elective Executives

7. MODE OF CHOICE OF THE EXECUTIVE
Hereditary Principle
Direct Popular Election
Indirect Election
Election by the Legislature
Nominated Executive
Term of office
Re eligibility for office

8. ADMINSTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
Implement policies and laws.
Ensure effective and efficient administration
Appoints secretaries and other top officials
Coordinates the business of government
Ensure mutual peace with other states
International goodwill
Treaty-making

9. FUNCTIONS OF EXECUTIVE
Administrative
Legislative
Military Functions
Foreign Relations
Financial Functions
Judicial functions

10. LEGISLATIVE FUNCTIONS
Summon, adjourn and prorogue the session of parliament.
Executive dissolves the popular house and order fresh elections
Leadership to the legislature
Veto/suspension veto/pocket veto
Issuing ordinance

11. MILITARY FUNCTIONS Secure territorial integrity of the state
Defence of the country and controls its military operations.
Prosecution of war.

12. FOREIGN FUNCTIONS
Maintaining relations with other countries

13. FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS
Budgeting
Meet their expenditure by taxing
Audit

14. JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS
Right to pardon

15. CIVIL SERVICES
The real work of administration is done by the permanent members of the government.
Functions of civil servants
Advisory
Implementation
Prepares the outline of the bills
Make rules and regulations on the basis of the bills passed by the parliament

16. CONCLUSION
The executive powers differs in different forms of governance. The functions of the executives varies from one country to another, depending on the form of government.