1. “Deng the Small and Plain”
Deng Xiaoping
“Deng the Small and Plain”

2. Whether a cat is black or white makes no difference
Whether a cat is black or white makes no difference. As long as it catches mice, it is a good cat
Deng Xiaoping

3. Deng Xiaoping Born: 1904 Died: 1997 (92) Barley 5’ Tall, 120 Lbs.
Joined the Communist Revolution in the 1920’s
Became the Dominant Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

4. 1976 The Year of the Dragon September 9th Mao Dies
Hua Guofeng heads the Politburo
The Gang of Four Attempt to seize power
Includes Mao’s Wife Jiang Qing (Madame Mao)
Arrested Oct. 20th,
1 Million March to Cheer
Put on trial, guilty, jailed

5. The Gang of Four on Trial

6. Gang of Four Out of the Way
They were sentence to death,
Later commuted to long-term imprisonment
After a period of political indoctrination Jian Qing was released in 1991 and died soon after
Deng became leader of China in 1978

7. “De-Maoization”
Against the Cultural Revolution – declared a major setback
Four Modernizations :industry, agriculture, science and technology, and national defence
Deng’s policies more practical and responsive to the economic times
Willing to alter communist ideologies for what’s best for the country
Deng was part of the Long March

8. “To Get Rich is Glorious” —attributed to Deng
Economic Reforms
“Socialism and a market economy are not incompatible”
Opening to international trade and investment
Introduction of profit motive
“Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” or Capitalism in a Globalized Era?

9. Deng Xiao Ping’s Successes
Economics
Farmers were allowed to produce more food on their own initiative
Private ownership is allowed
Borrowed from foreign states to boost infrastructure
Deng was part of the Long March

10. An “open door policy” announced 1979
Four “Special Economic Zones” were created to open regions to foreign investment and partnerships
Markets rather than central direction

11. An Economic Miracle
China’s economy has grown at about 8% yearly per person for the last 30 years— about a tenfold increase in output per person.
By some measures, China now has the second-largest economy in the world.
When Deng became leader, over half China’s population was poor by global standard. Now the figure stands at 10% or less.

12. Deng Was the First Communist Leader to Visit the USA (1979)
Political Successes

13. Deng Xiaoping’s Successes
1984 successful negotiation to return Hong Kong to the Chinese
Agreed that HK would be returned to China in assurance that it would keep its economic and social systems
Instead of China bringing down HK, it seems that the success in HK has become a model for China to follow

14. Social Reform One Child Policy 1979 1980 China had 1 billion people
Has been limited to urban populations
Fines, pressures to abort a pregnancy, and forced sterilization accompanied second or subsequent pregnancies

16. Effects of One Child Policy
Caused a disdain for female babies
abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide
Estimated to have lowered the population by 300 million
80’s generation now of childbearing age and are allowed to have two per couple (if you don’t have siblings)

17. Deng Xiao Ping’s failures
Continued to purge any threats to the CCP – and 1986 puts down democratic demonstrations
Didn’t want years of revolution to go to waste – therefore continued to push for dictatorship, not democracy
No protests 1979 border war with Vietnam
1979 failure to revive a relationship with Russia

18. Tiananmen Square Massacre 1989
In 1989, after several weeks of demonstrations, Chinese troops entered Tiananmen Square on June 4 and fired on civilians.
Estimates of the death toll range from several hundred to thousands.
It has been estimated that as many as 10,000 people were arrested during and after the protests.
Several dozen people have been executed for their parts in the demonstrations.