Question of the Mexican Cession Debate and Compromise, 1850

Sectional Sentiments, 1848 - 1855
Question of the Mexican Cession Debate and Compromise, 1850 Abolitionist Backlash Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 “Bleeding Kansas” Summary Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

8 Questions: Underground Railroad “conductor” Harriet Tubman always carried two items with her when leading refugee slaves from the South to the North. Big Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Slavery ? For the first time, free states outnumbered slave states with California’s admission. Problem?

Polk’s Solution: extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific coast. Problem? Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Wilmot Proviso FREE SOIL Wilmot Proviso: All territory in the Mexican Cession would be free of slavery. Problem?

Wilmot Proviso OPEN TO SLAVERY John C. Calhoun: All territory in the Mexican Cession would be open to slavery. Problem?

Wilmot Proviso POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY Stephen Douglas: Slavery in the Mexican Cession would be determined by popular sovereignty. Problem?

Stephen Douglas: Let the settlers of the territories vote to allow slavery or not – popular sovereignty Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

The proposed compromise Points favoring the free states/ Free Soilers: California admitted as free state despite tipping the balance between free and slave states Texas disputed land granted to New Mexico territory Slave TRADE banned in Washington DC Points favoring the slave states/pro-slavery advocates Utah and New Mexico territories subject to popular sovereignty Stronger Fugitive Slave Law Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Daniel Webster, strong abolitionist, but stronger Unionist, speaks in favor of the compromise. Problem? An abolitionist critic said “[The word] Liberty from the mouth of Webster is like the word ____ from a prostitute.“ Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

The proposed compromise PASSES: THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 Points favoring the free states/ Free Soilers: California admitted as free state despite tipping the balance between free and slave states Texas disputed land granted to New Mexico territory Slave TRADE banned in Washington DC Points favoring the slave states/pro-slavery advocates Utah and New Mexico territories subject to popular sovereignty Stronger Fugitive Slave Law Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

First national abolitionist newspaper “The Liberator”, WL Garrison, 1831

Now, I ask you, had you not rather be killed than to be a slave to a tyrant, who takes the life of your mother, wife, and dear little children? Look upon your mother, wife and children, and answer God Almighty; and believe this, that it is no more harm for you to kill a man who is trying to kill you, than it is for you to take a drink of water when thirsty. - David Walker. Walker’s Appeal, 1829 Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

I will dare to call in question and to denounce, with all the emphasis I can command, everything that serves to perpetuate slavery — the great sin and shame of America! I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will use the severest language I can command; and yet not one word shall escape me that any man, who is not at heart a slaveholder, shall not confess to be right and just. -Frederick Douglass, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” speech, 1852 Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Underground Railroad routes “Conductor” Harriet Tubman

8 Questions: Underground Railroad “conductor” Harriet Tubman always carried two items with her when leading refugee slaves from the South to the North. Big Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

laudanum “Conductor” Harriet Tubman

A part of the Compromise of 1850 was “the bloodhound bill”, a stronger Fugitive Slave Law. Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

HB Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, 1856 Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Democrat Senator Stephen Douglas, Presidential hopeful Possible routes for transcontinental railroad – big money Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Presidential candidate and Chicago land owner Douglas sees: The South The North, abolitionists and Free-Soilers, see: Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Pro-slavery “ruffians” crossing into Kansas Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

New England emigrants coming into Kansas Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

“Bleeding Kansas”, Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Here, before God, in the presence of these witnesses, from this time forward, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery. - John Brown, November, 1837 Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

. . . That, on Saturday night, about 11 o'clock, on the 24th day of May [1856], a party of men came to our house; we had all retired; they roused us up, and told us that if we would surrender they would not hurt us they were armed with pistols and knives; they took off my father and two of my brothers, William and Drury. We were all alarmed. The next morning I went in search of my father and two brothers. I found my father and one brother, William, lying dead in the road, I saw my other brother lying dead on the ground his fingers were cut off; and his arms were cut off; his head was cut open; there was a hole in his breast . . . An old man commanded the party; he was a dark complected, and his face was slim. . . . My father and brothers were pro-slavery men, and belonged to the law and order party. - Affidavit of John Doyle, State of Missouri, June 7, 1856

Manifest Destiny Defined Trickles West Troubles in Texas The Mexican War, Results Summary Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Essential Question: To what extent did economic, social, political and technological trends in the Northern states from the 1840’s to 1861 tend to split the Union?

Question of the Mexican Cession Debate and Compromise, 1850

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Question of the Mexican Cession Debate and Compromise, 1850

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