1. General Muscle, Bone, & Articulation Anatomy
Coach Ryan

2. Skeletal System

4. Bones Protect organs Support/Framework
Provide Movement (work with muscles)
Store minerals
Produce blood cells
2 skeletons
Axial (spine, thorax, and skull
Appendicular (bones of the extremities)

5. Anatomical Characteristics of Bone
Dense connective tissue consisting of bone cells (osteocytes) that are filled in a matrix, which consists of an intercellular material.
Compact (hard) tissue – outer surface, tunneled by a marrow cavity
Cancellous (spongy) bone – inner aspect composed of a more porous tissue
Contains a network of blood and lymphatic vessels
Periosteum – tissue that covers a bone and contains the blood supply to the bone

7. Cont… Epiphysis – growth plate located at the ends of a long bone
Bone types
Long (femur)
Short (metacarpal)
Flat (scapula)
Irregular (vertebra)
Osteoblasts – bone-producing cells (new)
Osteoclasts – cells that resorb bone (break up old bone)

9. Marrow
Red Marrow – RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets
Yellow Marrow – WBC’s

13. GROWTH PLATE

14. Cartilage Covers the ends of long bones and can be found between bones
Functions:
Join structures (ribs and sternum)
Absorb shock
Permit smooth bone movement
3 types
Hyaline or articular (nasal septum, articular ends of bones of synovial joints)
Fibrous (vertebral discs, menisci)
Elastic (external ear)

15. Joints Three classifications of joints:
Synovial, Fibrous, and Cartilaginous
Ligaments – connective tissue joining bone to bone
Synovial (Diarthrodial) –
Have fantastic mobility and consist of a joint capsule
Consists of
Joint capsule lined with a synovial membrane
Hyaline cartilage
Ligaments

16. Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket – allow all possible movement
Shoulder and hip joints
Hinge – allow only flexion and extension
Elbow and knee
Pivot – permits rotation around an axis
Cervical atlas and axis, proximal ends of radius and ulna
Ellipsoidal – have an elliptical convex head and a concave socket
wrist

17. Cont… Saddle – reciprocally concavo-convex
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Gliding – allow a small amount of gliding back and forth and sideways
Joints between the carpal and tarsal bones, joints between vertebrae

19. Fibrous (Synarthrodial) Joints
Held by connective tissue
Immovable
E.g.
Bones of the skull.
Between tibia and fibula

21. Cartilaginous (Ampiarthrodial) Joints
Cartilage attaching two bones together
E.g. Where the ribs meet the sternum

23. Muscles (mm) Cardiac – heart
Three types:
Smooth – internal organs
Cardiac – heart
Skeletal – attached to skeleton responsible for movement
TYPE I – “Slow Twitch”
TYPE II – “Fast Twitch”

25. MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS AGONIST - Muscles that carry out a given action.
ANTAGONISTS – mm that carry out the opposing action.
ISOTONIC – mm contraction, tension remains unchanged and the muscle's length changes.
CONCENTRIC – mm shortens.
ECCENTRIC – mm lengthens.
ISOMETRIC – mm stays the same length.

26. Structure of a Skeletal Muscle

27. Muscles Composed of contractile cells or fibers
Myofibrils are surrounded by the endomysium
Fiber bundles are surrounded by the perimysium
The entire muscle is surrounded by the epimysium
Tendon – attaches muscle to bone
Aponeurosis - connective tissue that attaches to other muscles

29. `