1. Comparison of Properties
Chapter 6

2. Introduction
The physical properties of a substance depend on the forces between the particles of the chemical species that it is composed of
The stronger the bonding and the intermolecular forces, the harder the substances, and the higher the boiling point

3. Continued
Presence of impurities always lowers the melting point as the regular lattice is disrupted
Volatility: a qualitative measure of how readily a liquid or solid is vaporized upon heating or evaporation

5. Metallic Structure Variable hardness, malleable rather than brittle
Melting points and boiling points vary, depending on the number of valence electrons, but is generally high
Good electrical and thermal conductivity as solids and liquids
Insoluble, except in other metals to form alloys
Electron sea model: mass of positive nuclei in a sea of electrons

7. Ionic Structure Hard, but brittle High melting and boiling points
Do not conduct heat and electricity as solids, but do when molten or in solution
More soluble in water than other solvents
Examples: NaCl, CaO
Metal + nonmetal

9. Covalent Structure Usually soft and malleable unless H-bonded
Low melting and boiling points. Liquids and gases at room temperature are usually molecular covalent
Do not conduct electricity or heat in any state
More soluble in non-aqueous solvents, unless they can H-bond to water or react with it
Examples: CO2, CH3CH2OH, I2
Nonmetal + nonmetal