2. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 11 Chapter 12 Structures and Properties of Materials 12.1Classification of Substances According to Structure According to Structure 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding According to the Nature of Bonding

3. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 12 Some Pre-knowledge solid Particles (may be molecules, ions or metallic atoms) forces of attraction between particles weaken liquidgas     forces of attraction between particles broken 12.1 Classification of Substances According to Structures (SB p.277)

4. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 13 12.1 Classification of Substances According to Structures (SB p.278)

5. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 14 Simple Molecular Structures Examples forces of attraction between particles weaken (by raising the temp.) forces of attraction between particles broken (by further raising the temp.) solid iodine (at room temp.) liquid iodine Gaseous iodine 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.279)

6. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 15 Simple Molecular Structures Examples solid chlorine (at room temp.) liquid chlorine gaseous chlorine (at room temp.) forces of attraction between particles strengthen (by lowering the temp.) (by further lowering the temp.) forces of attraction between particles weaken 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.279)

7. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 16 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.280) Properties of simple molecular substances 1.Low melting points and boiling points 2. Soft and easily distorted 3.Non-conductors of electricity 4.Usually insoluble in oplar solvents but soluble in non-polar solvents

8. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 17 Macromolecular Structures Substances with macromolecular structures consist of very large molecules containing thousands of atoms. 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.281)

9. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 18 Giant Structures Substances with giant covalent structure (graphite), giant ionic structure (sodium chloride) and giant metallic structure (copper) Graphite (giant covalent structure) 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.280)

10. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 19 Giant covalent structures diamond and silicon(IV) oxide (quartz) 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.279)

11. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 110 Giant covalent structures The giant covalent structures of graphite ( a layered structure) 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.279)

12. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 111 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.281) Properties of giant covalent substances 1.High melting points and boiling points 2.Hard and rigid 3.Poor conductors of heat and electricity 4.Insoluble in any solvent

13. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 112 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.281) Properties of ionic compounds 1.High melting and boiling points 2.Hard but brittle 3.Good conductors of electricity in molten or aqueous state 4.Soluble in polar solvents but insoluble in non- polar solvents

14. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 113 12.2 Classification of Substances According to the Nature of Bonding (SB p.283) Properties of metals 1.High melting and boiling points 2.Good conductors of heat and electricity 3.High density 4.Malleable and ductile

15. New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 114 The END