1. Chemistry & Nutrition
Unit 2

2. Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions Synthesis (A+B  AB)
Anabolism
Combine amino acids to make proteins
Decomposition (AB  A+B)
Catabolism
Glycogen  Glucose

3. Inorganic Compounds Water Daily Needs Vary Universal solvent
Transport medium
High heat capacity
Effective lubricant
Daily Needs Vary

4. Dehydration 2% can cause 10-20 % performance drop Thirst
Physical symptoms
Urine color

5. Water Weight? Kidneys maintain proper amount in body
Start exercise &/or diet program and lose weight quickly
Initial energy source is glycogen
Glycogen is bound to 3-4 water molecules
Deplete glycogen = lots of extra water
Will be replaced by eating carbs!

6. Inorganic Compounds Salts (Ionic compounds) Cations & anions
Electrolytes
Acids & bases
pH scale
Buffer systems

7. Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

8. Carbs - Monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Isomers - C6H12O6

9. Carbs - Disaccharides Formed by dehydration synthesis
Sucrose C12H22O11
Glucose + fructose
Lactose C12H22O11
Glucose + galactose

10. Carbs - Polysaccharides
Starch & glycogen
Alpha glucose
Branched
Easily digested
Cellulose & fiber
Beta glucose
Unbranched
Not digestible

11. Structure Determines Function
Simple vs. Complex
Hydrolysis
Starch vs. Fiber

12. Lipids
Triglycerides (saturated fats vs. mono & poly unsaturated fats)

13. Lipids
Oils solidified by adding extra H atoms to double bonds (hydrogenation)
Makes them solid or semi-solid

14. Trans Fats Result of side reaction during hydrogenation
Added energy changes bonding to a form not recognized by the body

15. Proteins Made of amino acids Join by peptide bonds
Enzymes, structural, etc., etc.
Can denature & lose shape

16. NUTRITION

18. My Plate Food System

21. Basic Healthy Eating Balance caloric intake with caloric output
Different caloric contents for each type of nutrient
1 g carbs = 4 calories
1 g protein = 4 calories
1 g fat = 9 calories

23. Reading a Food Label CHECK THE SERVING SIZE!
CHECK AMOUNT OF FAT, CARBS, & PROTEIN

24. So why isn’t it that simple?
Differences between people
Counting macros
Keto diet
Paleo diet