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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds

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1 Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

2 What we’ll cover… Compound Formulas Ions Ionic Compounds
Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds Other types of extended Structures

3 Compound Formulas Examples: NaCl CH3OH (NH4)2SO4

4 Three Types of Compounds
Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic Alloys

5 Can you predict this?

6 Types of Formulas

7 IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge.
Formed mainly from metals.

8 IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge.
Formed mainly from metals. Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals.

9 Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

10 Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion
Mg2+ = magnesium ion

11 Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion
Mg2+ = magnesium ion Anions Name of element with –ide ending + “ion” Cl- = chloride ion O2- = oxide ion

12 Polyatomic Ions you need to know

13 Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________

14 Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make ________

15 Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2 NH4+ and SO42- make _________

16 Naming Ionic Compounds
Name = cation name + anion name Ex: NaCl = NH4Br =

17 Molecular Compounds Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound
Ex: C + O S + O C + H

18 Aside on gas prices… Propane Butane Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel/Heating
Longer molecules(asphalt/tar) Crude oil

19 Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas

20 Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form between 2 elements

21 Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

22 Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion. Use prefixes to indicate numbers: 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta

23 Network Solids Held together like a molecule Large and extended

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