1. Industrial Perspectives of Quantum Communications in Flagship
QT Flagship Community Consultation Workshop Berlin, 10th November 2016
Industrial Perspectives of Quantum Communications in Flagship
Andrew Shields
Toshiba Research Europe Ltd, Cambridge UK
With input from
QUTE Industry Group
ETSI Industry Specification Group in QKD

2. Quantum Communications: Markets and Applications
From “The Quantum Age: technical opportunities” published by UK Government Office for Science (3/11/16)
General telecom
Financial networks
Healthcare networks
Corporate networks
Cloud storage
Potential Markets are large …
Cyber Security1 £164bn by 2021
Communication Network equipment2 >£50bn by 2019
Photonics3 £360bn in 2015
Semiconductors4 £270bn in 2014
Consumer QKD
Mobile devices
Satellite secure comms
Quantum repeater networks
Cloud based quantum computing
Quantum sensor networks
How large is large enough?
Flagship programme = £100 M/annum
Total investment in QT in Europe = £500 M/annum ?
European spend on R&D5 = 2% of GDP
Required contribution to GDP = £25 bn/annum
3-5 years
5-10 years
10 years +
Quantum RNG
Off-site back up
Government
Defence
1 -reports/cyber-security-market-505.html

3. But… Market Inhibitors
High Cost
QKD systems are relatively expensive.
New technologies (eg PICs, FPGAs, ASICs) are needed to reduce capital cost and size.
Lack of Network Integration
QKD has largely operated on expensive, point-to-point dark optical fibre.
Using lit fibre and conventional architectures is important to reduce deployment cost.
Lack of Crypto Integration and Applications
Need to develop complete cryptographic solutions that exploit advantages of q.crypto
These solutions should be demonstrated in relevant applications. New players important.
Absence of Standards and Certification
Standards will allow interoperability of systems and accelerate integration & applications.
Standards also important to ensure that protocols are implemented securely.
Certification of conformity to standards is important for some customers (eg Government).

4. Stimulating the Market
Fund technology demonstrators and pilot projects
Promotes technology and application development
Demonstrators enable user engagement
gather feedback to refine technology to address customer desires
and to develop business models
Builds a supply chain for quantum technologies
components – assemblies – systems – test & certification - applications – services
market impact requires a broader field of actors than currently engaged
Promotes industrial standardisation
by directly addressing integration of different technologies
Also a good way to deliver success stories for the Flagship

5. Technical Challenges y <3 years 3-6 years 6-10 years
Smaller, Faster, Cheaper devices for QKD, QRNG
Air-based quantum communications
Cloud-based Quantum Computer
Network architectures (access networks, switching etc)
Sensor Networks y
Implementation Security
Practical prototypes for device-independent implementations
New quantum primitives
(digital signatures, bit commitment etc)
Quantum Comms
with Satellites
Industrial Standards
Global Comms with Quantum Repeaters
Quantum Sources
Quantum Relays
Quantum Memory
Quantum Detectors
<3 years
3-6 years
6-10 years

6. 5-Year Vision: Integration with Conventional Networks & Crypto
Expected Outcomes
A quantum secure European backbone network connecting major cities using trusted-node technologies.
Low cost metro and access networks to allow multiple user connectivity.
Integration of quantum communications with conventional network infrastructure and traffic for low cost deployment.
Combine quantum cryptography and quantum resistant algorithms for holistic quantum safe cryptographic infrastructures.
Improved implementation security including practical device-independent implementations.
Demonstrate applications in a wide range of markets.
Industrial standards to allow interoperability, integration and security assurance.
Quantum Access Network
(within a community)
Quantum Backbone Network (between cities)
Quantum Metro Network (within a city)
Residential
Office
Hospital
Bank
Central

7. 10-Year Vision: Entanglement-Enabled Quantum Networks
Expected Outcomes
Long distance (>1000km) quantum communications based on quantum repeaters.
Intercontinental quantum communications based on quantum repeaters or satellites.
Improved device independent implementations.
Distributed quantum computing and remote programming of quantum simulators and computers.
Distributed quantum sensing networks based on fibre optic networks.
Practical components: quantum sources, memory, detectors, photonic processors etc

8. Industry Wishlist
With input from QUTE Industry Group
Application oriented R&D with expectation of economic impact
Goal-oriented partnerships between academia, industry, gov labs etc
Strong focus on operational prototypes and challenge-led projects
Application focus reflected in strategy, calls, proposal evaluation criteria, evaluation etc
Industry steer on the relevant panels and committees of the Flagship
Mechanisms promoting innovation
Flexible targeted efforts to develop specific instruments / solutions
Innovation exploration and start-up funding schemes
Pre-commercial procurement, lowering risk of early adopters by helping them access QT
Directly support work on standardisation and certification
Direct funding to industry (complementing its own investment) essential to secure industrial engagement and commitment

9. Summary
Great opportunities for exploitation of Quantum Communications in Europe
However, barriers to commercial development remain
(high cost, lack of integration, applications and standards)
Flagship should address these barriers as a first priority
through technology demonstrators and pilot projects
This should be balanced with longer term R&D on entanglement based networks

10. Quantum Cryptography promises…
Long-term secrecy
Data encrypted with conventional crypto vulnerable to future technological advances.
Quantum crypto attractive for long term secrets, eg corporate, health or financial data.
Security from quantum computer
Shor’s algorithm will severely weaken conventional (RSA) public key cryptography.
Need to prepare quantum-computer safe infrastructures now.
Solution to random number generation problem
High quality random numbers important for all cryptography
Quantum processes impossible to predict and yield high entropy numbers at high rates
Physical layer security
Well suited to low latency, high bandwidth encryption and to secure comms infrastructure.
Can be used in conjunction with quantum resistant algorithms in higher OSI levels