1. Brazil

2. Demographics slightly smaller than the US in land area.
Climate is mostly tropical, but temperate in south
Population: 191,900,000
Most populous country in South America.
Median Age: 29 years
Male: 28.3 years
Female: 29.8 years
Population Growth Rate: .98%
Sex Ratio: 98 males for every 100 females.
Life expectancy:
Male: years.
Female: years.
Mostly Catholic (nominally)
Federal Republic
Number of People with AIDS 660,000

3. Culture Roman Catholic is the dominate religion
Official language is Portuguese
Muslim population is comprised of mostly Arab immigrants

4. History of Brazil
1500- Brazil claimed for Portugal by Pedro Alveras Cabral.
1822- Brazil claimed independence from Portugal. Pedro I ruled.
1831- Pedro I removed in favor of five-year-old son, Pedro II.
 South America’s War of the Triple Alliance saw Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay aligned against Paraguay. The Triple Alliance believed Paraguay was undermining the region’s political stability. The war ended in crushing defeat of Paraguay.
1888- Slavery Abolished

5. History of Brazil 1918- World War I 1932- Women get the right to vote.
1942- World War II
    A military dictatorship ruled over Brazil. As many as 353 people died while under custody. The dead of the leftist opposition were either "disappeared" or  registered as suicides or fatalities from accidents or shootouts.
1985- Tancredo Neves elected (First elected executive in 21 years)

6. Executive Branch President: Both Head of State and Government.
Commander-in-Chief of armed forces.
Vice President with President. (Written out of Constitution in 1934; Restored in 1946)
Four-year term with possible second term.
Directly elected.
Cabinet appointed by President
Current President: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

7. Presidents 1889-1891: Deodoro da Fonseca 1891-1894: Floriano Peixoto
: Prudente de Morais
: Campos Sales
: Rodrigues Alves
: Afonso Pena
: Nilo Peçanha
: Hermes da Fonseca
: Venceslau Bras
: Delfim Moreira
: Epitacio Pessoa

8. Presidents cont. 1922-1926: Artur Bernardes 1926-1930: Washington Luis
1930: military junta
: Getulio Vergas
: Jose Linhares
: Gaspar Dutra
: Getulio Vargas
: Café Filho
1955: Carlos Luz
: Nereu Ramos
: Juscelino Kubitschek
1961: Janio Quadros
1961: Ranieri Mazzilli
: Joao Goulart

9. Presidents cont. 1961: Ranieri Mazzilli 1961-1964: Joao Goulart
: Castelo Branco
: Costa e Silva
1969: military junta
: Emilio Medici
: Ernesto Geisel
: Joao Figueiredo
: Jose Sarney
: Fernando Collor
: Itamar Franco
: Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2003- : Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva

10. Constitutions
Constitution of 1824 – the first Brazilian constitution, enacted by Dom Pedro I. It was monarchic, hereditary and highly centralized, permitting the vote only to property-holders.
Constitution of 1891 – the republic was proclaimed in 1889, but a new constitution was not promulgated until This federalist, democratic constitution was heavily influenced by the U.S. model. However, women and illiterates were not permitted to vote.
Constitution of 1934 – when Getúlio Vargas came to power in 1930, he canceled the 1891 constitution and did not permit a new one until The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 forced Vargas to enact a new democratic constitution that permitted women's suffrage. Getúlio Vargas was elected president by the Constitutional Assembly to a four-year term, beginning in 1933.
Constitution of 1937 – Getúlio Vargas suppressed a Communist uprising in 1935 and used it as a pretext to establish autocratic rule. He instituted a corporatist constitution nicknamed the polish, written by .
Constitution of 1946 – after a military coup ousted dictatorial Getúlio Vargas, an Assembly wrote a democratic constitution.
Constitution of 1967 – after the 1964 coup d'État against João Goulart, the military dictatorship passed the Institutional Acts, a supraconstitutional law. This strongly undemocratic constitution simply incorporated these Acts.
Constitution of 1988 – the progressive redemocratization culminated in the current constitution. Very democratic, it is more expansive than a normal constitution – many statutory acts in other countries are written into this constitution, like Social Security and taxes.

11. Military Dictatorship
In 1964 a military-led coup d'état deposed the democratically-elected president of Brazil, João Goulart.
Brazil was governed by the military, with a two-party system, with a pro-government National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA) and an opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB).
Thousands of politicians had the political rights suspended, and military-sanctioned indirect elections were held for most elected positions until political liberalization during the government of João Figueiredo.

12. New Republic
In 1985, the military were defeated in an election according to the scheme they had set up -- as a consequence of the loss of political support among the elites. Tancredo Neves elected, but he died before he could take office. His vice-president, Jose Sarney, took over.
Sarney's government was disastrous in almost every field. The ongoing economic recession and the soaring external debt drained the country's assets while ravaging inflation (which later turned into hyperinflation) demonetized the currency and prevented any stability.
Sarney attempted to fix the problems, but he failed in the end.

13. Collor government ( )
His inflation control plan was based on an attempt to control prices and a complicated currency conversion process that prevented people from cashing their bank accounts for 18 months.
All of this made him quite unpopular and denied him support in the parliament that he needed since his own party held few seats. At the beginning of his third year in office, he resigned as a result of in a huge corruption scandal. The charges against him would later be dropped, some on mere technicalities, some for actually being irrelevant or false.

14. Legislative
The National Congress of Brazil is a bicameral legislature.
The upper-house is the Federal Senate.
The lower-house is the House of Deputies.

15. Federal Senate Upper House 81 Seats
3 members elected from each state/federal district by a majority.
26 states and 1 federal district.
One third and two-thirds elected alternately every four years, meaning eight-year terms.

16. Chamber of Deputies Lower House Has 513 seats.
Proportional Representation
Deputies serve four-year terms.

17. Judicial System
The legal system is based on continental European principles
Jury system has been used in criminal cases for more than 100 years but now they tend to stray away from juries
The Supreme Federal Court is composed of 11 justices, chosen by the president with Senate approval, who can serve until age 70
Judges are appointed for life and may not accept other employment.
Has final jurisdiction

18. Judicial System
The Federal Appeals Court deals with cases involving the federal government.
There is also a system of specialized courts dealing with police, juveniles, and family matters.
The judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches.
Criminal defendants have a right to counsel.
Brazilian legal system is the coexistence of decentralized and centralized models

19. Politcal Parties Worker’s Party: Left-wing party De Silva’s party
Brazilian Social Democracy Party: center-left
Calls “left/right” labels outdated.
Brazilian Democratic Movement party: no fixed ideology; mostly center/ liberal.
Democrats: center-right

21. Political Culture
Citizens of the north vote more often for the Workers’ Party; the South votes more for the Social Democracy Party.
Compulsary voting: Voters age are required to vote.
Many favor a military rule over democracy.
High migration into urban areas.
Amount of registered voters increasing since mid-1900’s

22. Styles of Politics
1st: Coronelismo : local “colonels”, in an alliance with farmers, control the votes of rural workers.
2nd: Clientellistic politics. Politicians receive migrants to improve their lives in exchange for votes.
3rd: Direct populist appeal by politicians
Voters most influenced by second and third styles, along with peer groups, opinion leaders, and soap operas.

23. Bureaucracy
Ministries include: Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Education, etc.
The bureaucracy is massive; Considered to be bloated, overreaching, etc.
Many unnecessary officials in the system.
Bureaucracy in need of reform.

24. Foreign Policy
Brazil has an active role in the politics of South America.
Characterized by an aggressive foreign policy approach.
Relations with U.S. strong historically; have been weaker lately due to economic downturn.

25. Foreign Policy Well established International Economic Relations
Part of the WTO and UN
Open Economy (10th largest in the World)
Social and Economic problems prevent them from becoming a major world power

26. Brazilian Law Based on Roman Germanic Traditions
It consists of mostly codified statutes
Civil law concepts prevail over common law practices
Court Decisions set out interpretative guidelines but not binding except in specific cases

27. Armed Forces
The Armed forces of Brazil comprise the Brazilian Army, the Brazilian Navy, and the Brazilian Air Force
The Military Police (States' Military Police) is described as an ancillary force of the Army by constitution, but under the control of each state's governor
The Brazilian armed forces are the largest in Latin America.