1. Father of Psycho-sexual Theory of Development
Sigmund Freud
Father of Psycho-sexual Theory of Development

3. Born in 1856, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Freud’s father was a small time merchant
Freud’s mother was the second wife for Freud’s father
Freud had 2 half brothers, who were 20 years older than he

4. Freud’s family background was Jewish but he was an avowed atheist
In this time period, as a Jewish man, Freud’s only career options were medicine and law
He chose medicine and specialized in neurology

5. In 1886 Freud married, moved to Vienna, Austria and opened a practice specializing in nervous and brain disorders

6. In 1900 he introduced the world to ‘Freudian slips’ which he described as slips of the tongue where the thoughts of the unconscious mind were revealed;
i.e. - ‘can I give you a hand?’ said to a one armed person

7. Super Ego is part of the Preconscious mind Ego* Id is part of the
Unconscious mind
* Ego is floating is all 3
states

8. Because the unconscious is so large, and because we are only aware of the very small conscious at any given time, this theory is likened to an iceberg, where the vast majority is buried beneath the water’s surface
The water would represent everything that we are not aware of, have not experienced, and that has not been integrated into our personalities, referred to the as nonconscious

9. Psychoanalytic Theory
Stated that the mind is divided into 2 parts:
The conscious – the part of which we are aware
The unconscious – the part of which we are not aware
The unconscious mind has more influence than the conscious has on our personality & behaviour

10. The unconscious is further divided into 3 parts:
the id – encourages us to seek physical satisfaction (sexual, nutritional)
the superego – prompts us to do the moral thing, not the one that feels the best
the ego – referees between the id and superego, and deals with external reality (our conscious self)

11. Freud believed that these 3 parts (id, ego, superego) affect our personality development, and our individual behaviour
He also maintained that our early childhood experiences, usually involving our relationships with our parents & family, are stored in our unconscious mind

12. Psycho-sexual Theory
Freud believed that individual sexual satisfaction or frustration was the key element in personality development
He also stated that the sex drive was the greatest shaper of personality, and that sexuality was even present in infants

13. Psycho-sexual Theory
By Sigmund Freud

14. Duration
Pleasure Zone
Main Characteristics
Tasks to Achieve

15. 1. Oral Stage * Duration: from birth to 1 year of age
Pleasure zone: mouth
Main characteristics: main source of pleasure is the mouth, lips, tongue, etc.
The main concern is with immediate gratification of urges dominated by the id
* Tasks to achieve: satisfactory feeding & weaning

16. Did you ever notice how little children tend to put everything in their mouths? This makes perfect sense from Freud’s perspective, who says that that is their primary pleasure zone

17. 2. Anal Stage Duration: from 1-2 years of age Pleasure zone: Anus
Main characteristics: controlling and controlling the bowels and bladder; the ego starts to control the id
Tasks to achieve: potty and toilet training

18. Anally retentive?
Perhaps you have heard this term… typically it refers to someone who is extremely stubborn; won’t let go of something once it is over; bears a grudge forever

19. 3. Phallic Stage Duration: from 2-6 years of age
Pleasure zone: phallus
Main characteristics: some pleasure is gained from playing with the genitals. This pleasure is associated with the same sex parent leading to the Oedipus and Electra Complexes
Id demands, ego tries to satisfy id, and superego tries to impose moral choices

20. Did you ever notice how sometimes little children will unashamedly put their hands down their pants and walk around in public? Freud says that since the genitals are a source of pleasure they also provide comfort to a young child.

21. Oedipus Complex – little boys have a sexual attraction towards their mothers and a sense of jealousy/hatred towards their fathers
Electra Complex – little girls have a sexual attraction towards their fathers and a sense of jealousy/hatred towards their mothers
Freud says that these Complexes are not resolved through murder, but through gradual identification with the same sex parent (assuming the goals, ambitions, mannerisms,& other personality traits)

22. 4. Latency Stage Duration: from 6-11 years of age Pleasure zone: none
Main characteristics: Oedipus and Electra Complexes are resolved and identification with same sex parent occurs, and loss of interest in opposite sex. Id, ego, superego continue to compete
Tasks to achieve: none

23. 5. Genital Stage Duration: from 11 years on Pleasure zone: genitals
Main characteristics: increasing concern with adult ways of experiencing sexual pleasure
Tasks to achieve: good relationships with members of both sexes

24. Fixation
Freud says that a person can become stuck or fixated at any stage and may not progress beyond it, continuing to find pleasure in the pleasure zone associated with that stage
i.e. – gum chews, pencil biters, smokers are said to be fixated at the Oral Stage

25. Penis Envy
Freud believed that girls suffered from penis envy because boys had penis’ and girls were without them

26. Sigmund Freud died in 1939 in England at the age of 83, from cancer of the jaw (following years of cigar smoking – he himself claimed to be orally fixated)