1. NEW CHAPTER - 11-
Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa

2. START UP
Why do you think historians have a “sketchy” knowledge of Southern Africa but a better knowledge of Northern Africa?? !

4. Bantu Migrations

5. Trade & Travel
Large deserts and steep waterfalls made it difficult to travel in Africa

6. The Changing Sahara
Desertification

7. Savanna Grassy plains Good for farming and herding
Most Africans live in the savanna

8. Nile
Many people settled along the Nile River Valley

9. Egypt & Nubia Both developed around the same time along the Nile River
Had contact with each other

10. WEB Influences on AFRICA
What parts of the world would you guess will be on the chart?

11. Greek influence Traded with Egypt
Eventually ruled Egypt under Alexander the Great

12. Roman Influence Conquered and ruled North Africa
Built roads, aqueducts, dams, and cities
Spread Christianity

13. Asian Influence
Introduced camels

14. Arab Influence Conquered cities in North Africa Spread Islam
Brought Arabic language
Spread Muslim ideas and learning

15. West Africa
West African towns became very powerful trading states

16. When you think of West Africa…
SALT
GOLD

17. Salt & Gold Were the two most important traded items in Western Africa
No salt in the savanna
Need salt to prevent dehydration

18. Ghana Empire
African Empire that takes control of trade in 800

19. Mali Empire
Crushes Ghana and takes control of the trade routes

20. Songhai Empire Takes control of the trade routes
Sets up a Muslim dynasty

22. Mansa Musa Becomes the emperor of Mali Converts to Islam
Builds a great trading city and center of learning called Timbuktu

23. In a recent book, Cynthia Crossen, senior editor of the prestigious financial newspaper Wall Street Journal, wrote: "You've heard about the extraordinary wealth of Bill Gates, J. P. Morgan, and the sultan of Brunei, but have you heard of Mansa Musa, one of the richest men who ever lived?" Continuing this theme, Mrs Crossen comments that: "Neither producer nor inventor, Mansa Musa was an early broker, greasing the wheels of intercultural trade. He created wealth by making it possible for others to buy and sell". Dr Davidson suggested that the rulers of Mali were "rumoured to have been the wealthiest m[e]n on the face of the earth".

24. “Wealth, if you use it, comes to an end; learning, if you use it, increases”- Swahili saying
Write down quote
Explain in your own words
Do you agree? Explain

25. REVIEW 1. Why is Mansa Musa so wealthy?
2. Al Omari wrote: “he is the king that is most feared by his enemies and the most able to do good to those around him.”
What did he mean by this?
Is it better to be feared or loved?

26. Quiz- Africa- Monday
“Wealth, if you use it; comes to an end; learning, if you use it, increases”
-Swahili Saying
Describe in your own words!

27. East Africa AXUM Conquered and absorbed Nubia
Controlled the trade network between Africa and the Mediterranean

28. Axum converts to Christianity
The spread of Islam in Africa led to its decline

29. Swahili
A new language developed in Axum
Combined Arab and Bantu

30. African Villages Villages helped each other
Most worshiped many gods and goddesses
Looked toward ancestors for help
Each family belonged to a lineage
several lineages formed a clan

31. The Griots of Africa Open Text to Page 296
Read “The Griots of Africa”- Answer 1-3