1. Russian & Turkish Empires

2. The Birth of Russia Developed @ intersection of 3 rivers:
Dneiper R.
Don R.
Volga R.
800s- Varanigans or Rus move in from N.
Rus-probably Vikings

3. The Varanigan Influence
Help maintain order
Kiev
Develop trade routes w/ Byzantine
Cultural Diffusion
-Legend says Russians invited Viking king Rurik to be their king
-Kiev is on the Dnieper River
-allows Vikings to sail by river and sea to Constantinople
-Adapted to Russian/Slavic customs and languages; intermarried
-Line between two groups eventually vanished

4. Byzantine Influence Кириллица
Missionaries spread Orthodox Christianity
~980-Vladimir converts & forces all subjects to convert
Idea of emperor as supreme ruler of Church
Autocratic Rule-single ruler with unlimited power
Cyrillic Alphabet-
Кириллица
-As the Russians traded more and more with the Byzantine empire, a blending of the Greek Byzantine and Slavic traditions formed what we know as the Russian culture
-Brought in resources, ideas and people
-Vladimir considered converting when he took the throne
-sent out teams to research the major religions
-lukewarm ideas about Islam, Judaism and Western Christianity; group from Byzantine gave amazing description of churches and rituals that led to Vladimir’s conversion
-would eventually become Russian Orthodox Church

5. Those Gosh Darn Mongolians
Who was the trader who travelled from this city to serve on the court of the Yuan Dynasty?
Who united most of Eurasia under the Mongols?
Mid 1200s-Mongols move into Russia
Golden Horde
Led by Genghis Khan, then grandson Batu Khan
1240-Mongols destroyed Kiev
Allowed Russians to follow own customs
Demanded two things:
Obedience
Massive amounts of tribute ($)
Who united China under the Yuan Dynasty?

6. Mongol Influence Peace  new trade routes Capital @ Moscow
Cut off Russia from Renaissance
Trade-China and India

7. Ivan the Great Defeated Mongol rule
Limited the power of the Boyars-landowning nobles
Linked to Byzantine Empire through marriage
Married niece of last Byzantine emperor
First to call himself czar
Russian version of Caesar

8. Meanwhile, back on Anatolia…

9. Questions for stdts using drawing tool:
What empire was located here?
Point out Ancient Rome and area it covered
What did Diocletian do to this empire?
Divided; draw divider
Why?
Too big
What did Constantine do for this empire?
Reunited, moved capital to Constantinople; Locate city
Trade on the Silk Roads, Taxes
Eventually what happened to Rome?
West fell in 476, East flourished under Byzantine; Label Byzantine
What ruler brought the Byzantine to its height?
Justinian recaptured “old” Rome
This was all happening in the s. What was going on here in 622 (Point out Mecca)?
Muhammad founded Islam
What dynasties/empires spread Islam?
Umayyad & Abbasids

10. Background 8th century-the Abbasids ruled ME
200 years- Losing territory
945 AD- Persians move into Baghdad
Byzantine had declined after Justinian’s death

11. The Turks March from Central Asia
nomadic herders
10th c.- Move into Abbasid empire
Began to convert to Islam

12. The Rise of the Seljuks 970 AD-Seljuks moves in
Converts to Sunni branch of Islam
1055 AD-Seljuks attack & capture Baghdad from Persians
~1075 AD-Seljuks march on the Byzantine Empire
Within 10 years, Seljuks occupy most of Anatolia
Seljuks are Turkish

13. The Seljuks & the Crusaders
1095 AD-Pope Urban II starts 1st Crusade
Wanted to retake Jerusalem for Christians
1099 AD-Christian Crusaders take Jerusalem
Massacre Jewish & Muslims
Christian kingdom lasted about a century

14. Seljuks Fight Back
Seljuk leader, Saladin & King Richard I of England signed a truce
DEAL
Muslims  Jerusalem
Christians Access
to Holy Places
-Popes would continue to call for more Crusades but none would be successful
1187 AD- a portion of the former Seljuk Empire recovered Jerusalem for the Muslims
-Unlike Christian invasion that left thousands dead, Saladin did not allow his men to commit any violence
New threat from the EastMongols

15. Those gosh darn Mongolians…again
1200s-Genghis Khan moves into the Middle East
1258-Genghis’ grandson, Hulagu took Baghdad
Mongolian Empire crumbled w/in a few generations
Genghis-Destroyed cities; murdered thousands
Hulagu-Mongol belief warned against spilling sacred blood so he had the last caliph killed by wrapping him in a carpet and having him trampled by horses
The Mongols knew little about how to rule a vast empire
Another group of Turks would build a new empire-The Ottomans